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Let X and Y be separable Banach spaces.

Let $f:X\rightarrow Y$ be a Baire-1 function, which is the pointwise limit of a sequence of continuous functions $f_n:X\rightarrow Y$.

Define $E$ as the set of $x$ such that $f_n(x_n)\rightarrow f(x)$ fails to hold for some sequence $\{x_n\}$ approaching x.

Is $E$ empty?

If not, if $\mu$ is a countably additive measure on $X$, defined on the Borel $\sigma$-algebra, is $\mu(E)=0$?

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1 Answer 1

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Recall:

1. Given $f_n\in C(X,Y)$ point-wise convergent to $f$, the above set $E$ always contains the discontinuity set of $f$ (starting from any $x_n\to x$ with $ f(x_n)\not\to f(x)$ one has for a subsequence $ f_{k_n}(x_n)-f(x_n) \to0$, and re-naming the sequences one can also assume $ f_{n}(x_n)-f(x_n) \to0$ so $ f_n(x_n)\not\to f(x)$).

2. The characteristic function of any closed set $C$ of a metric space is always of class Baire-$1$: $f_n(x):=\big(1-n\,d(x,C)\big)_+$ is $0$ for all $n$ if $x\in C$, and it is eventually $0$ if $x\notin C$.

3. Assuming $X$ separable and of positive dimension, for any non-zero finite Borel measure $\mu$ on $X$, there is a closed set with empty interior and $\mu(C)>0$, thus a Baire-$1$ function $\chi_C$ with discontinuity set $\partial C=C$ of positive measure $\mu(C)$ . (Indeed, since $X$ has at most a countable set of points with positive measure, which has empty interior because $\dim X>0$, and since $X$ is separable, $X$ also has a countable dense set $\{s_n\}_{n\in\mathbb N}$ of points of measure $0$; since $\mu$ is finite, for each $n\ge1$ there is a ball $B(s_n,\epsilon_n)$ of measure less than $3^{-n}\mu(X)$. So $X\setminus \cup_{n\in\mathbb N}B(s_n,\epsilon_n)$ is a closed set with empty interior and measure $\mu\big(X\setminus \cup_{n\in\mathbb N}B(s_n,\epsilon_n)\big)\ge \mu(X)- \sum_{n\in\mathbb N}\mu(B(s_n,\epsilon_n))\ge\mu(X)/2>0\;$ ).

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  • $\begingroup$ I can see it now. Thank you for your answer!! $\endgroup$
    – Gioppa
    Oct 7, 2021 at 8:09

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