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It is well known that if a family of meromorphic functions is not normal (a family is said to be normal if each sequence of functions in the family has a subsequence which converges locally uniformly to a limit function which is either meromorphic or identically $\infty$) on some domain, then the corresponding family of derivatives may or may not be normal on that domain.

For example, $\mathcal{F}:=\{f_n= nz, n\in\mathbb{N}\}$ is not normal on $|z|<1.$ However, the corresponding family of derivatives $\mathcal{F'}=\{n\}$ is normal on $|z|<1.$ Furthermore, the family $\mathcal{G}:=\{nz^2\}$ and its derivative $\mathcal{G'}=\{2nz\}$ are not normal on $|z|<1.$

Observe that the family $\mathcal{G}$ has a zero of order $2$ at $z=0$ on $|z|<1$ and its corresponding family of derivatives is not normal.

With the above observation in mind, I am curious to know the following:

Does there exist a family of meromorphic functions whose each zero is of multiplicity $2$ and which is not normal on $|z|<1,$ but the corresponding family of derivatives is normal?

Any help shall be largely appreciated.

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  • $\begingroup$ I don't think the family $\mathcal{F'}=\{n\}$ is normal? $\endgroup$
    – user130903
    Commented Jan 9, 2021 at 18:35
  • $\begingroup$ How about $f_n(z)=n\exp(z/n)$? $\endgroup$
    – user130903
    Commented Jan 9, 2021 at 18:36
  • $\begingroup$ @Zero: the question requires that ... whose each zero is of multiplicity $2$. $\endgroup$
    – Jack L.
    Commented Jan 9, 2021 at 19:15
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    $\begingroup$ You should specify what exactly you mean by "normal" (there are two definitions). Is limit identically equal to $\infty$ allowed? $\endgroup$ Commented Jan 10, 2021 at 0:59
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    $\begingroup$ @Eremenko: Valid it may be, but interesting it is not; indeed, each zero (of Zero’s exponential family of functions) is of arbitrary multiplicity too. $\endgroup$
    – Jack L.
    Commented Jan 10, 2021 at 4:45

1 Answer 1

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The answer to this question is negative. This follows easily from the following result of Chen and Lappan (Adv. Math.,vol. 24, 1996, 517-524):

Let $\mathcal{F}$ be a family of meromorphic functions in a domain $D$ such that each $f\in\mathcal{F}$ has zeros of multiplicity at least $k+1,$ where $k$ is a positive integer. If the family $\mathcal{G}=\left\{f^{(k)}:f\in\mathcal{F}\right\}$ is normal in $D,$ then $\mathcal{F}$ is also normal in $D.$

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