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I am looking for a reference from which I can cite the following statement:

The Picard group of a very general quartic hypersurface $X\subset\mathbb{P}^3$ is generated by the class of a hyperplane section.

What is the standard reference for this?

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    $\begingroup$ This is called the Noether-Lefschetz theorem. Modern proofs can be found in many places, e.g. in Voisin, Hodge theory and Complex AG II $\endgroup$ Commented Dec 2, 2020 at 17:10

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That is the Noether-Lefschetz theorem. Searching online should find plenty of results in web pages and lecture notes. If you want a published source, how about: Mark Green, A new proof of the explicit Noether-Lefschetz theorem, J. Differential Geom. 27 (1988), no. 1, 155–159.

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