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Suppose $X,Y$ are smooth projective varieties over a field $k$ with $Y$ one-dimensional, connected, and normal, and $f\colon X\to Y$ a proper, flat, surjective morphism so that its fibers are connected and generic fiber is reduced (for instance, $f$ might be a Lefschetz pencil of curves with $Y=\mathbb{P}^1$). Note that $f$ isn't necessarily smooth. Apologies for the hodgepodge of adjectives; maybe most of these assumptions aren't actually needed.

What can one say about $R^if_*\mu_{l,X}$ (take $l$ to be prime to the characteristic of $k$), where $\mu_{l,X}$ is the $l$th roots of unity etale sheaf on $X$? In particular, is it at least locally constant?

For $i>2$, these higher direct images necessarily vanish, so we only need to consider $i=0,1,2$. For $i=0$, we know by Stein factorization that $f_*\mathcal{O}_X=\mathcal{O}_Y$ and hence $f_*\mu_{l,X}=\mu_{l,Y}$ by considering the Kummer sequence. I'm not what happens for the $i=1,2$ cases though.

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  • $\begingroup$ It seems that you are assuming $\dim(X)=2$, but this is not mentioned in your post. $\endgroup$
    – abx
    Commented Nov 23, 2020 at 19:20
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    $\begingroup$ They will certainly not be locally constant, and this is in fact the whole point of introducing constructible sheaves. Think about the case of a smooth cubic degenerating to a nodal cubic; then $H^1$ is generically $2$-dimensional but in the special fibre only $1$-dimensional (in fact you can compute $\mathbf{Pic}_C \cong \mathbf G_m$ if $C$ is a nodal cubic). $\endgroup$ Commented Nov 23, 2020 at 19:42

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