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Let $H=(V,E)$ be a hypergraph that is a finite Fano plane, that is, $V$ is a finite set and $E$ has the following properties:

  1. for $e_1\neq e_2\in E$ we have $|e_1|=|e_2|$, as well as $|e_1\cap e_2|=1$, and
  2. for $v\neq w\in V$ there is a (unique) $e\in E$ with $\{v,w\}\in e$.

Is there always an injective map $f:E \to V$ with $f(e)\in e$ for all $e\in E$?

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Yes, there is always such a map. Let $k$ be the number of vertices in each edge of $H=(V,E)$. Consider an arbitrary vertex $v \in V$ and choose $e \in E$ such that $v \notin e$. For each $w \in e$ there is a unique edge $f_w$ such that $\{v,w\} \subseteq f_w$. Moreover, for distinct $w,w' \in e$, $f_w \neq f_{w'}$. Since every edge containing $v$ must also intersect $e$, we conclude that there are exactly $|e|=k$ edges which contain $v$. Now, let $G$ be the bipartite graph with bipartition $(E,V)$, where $e \in E$ is adjacent to $v \in V$ if and only if $v \in e$. Since $G$ is $k$-regular, $G$ has a perfect matching by Hall's theorem, which gives the required injective map (it is bijective actually).

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  • $\begingroup$ Beautiful, thanks! The question had a Hall flavour to begin with, but you showed how to apply it correctly here. $\endgroup$ Oct 24, 2020 at 17:47

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