Chern classes of a mapping torus vector bundle in terms of the construction data Let $\pi:E\to X$ be a complex vector bundle*, and $f:E\to E$ a bundle isomorphism.
Consider the mapping torus
$$E(f) := \frac{E\times [0,1]}{E  \times \{0\}\sim_f E  \times \{1\}}$$
where the identification is the obvious one: $(x,0)\sim_f (f(x),1)$.
$E(f)$ is also a complex vector bundle  over $ X\times \mathbb{S}^1$, the fibration is given by the map  $[x,t]\in E(f) \mapsto (\pi(x), t)\in X\times \mathbb{S}^1$.
The rank of $E\to X$ and $E(f)\to X\times \mathbb{S}^1$ is the same.
Problem:

Express the Chern classes of $E(f)$ in terms of the Chern classes of $E$ and the automorphism $f$.

This naively should be possible since all the data used to build $E(f)$ is in $E$ and $f$.
Of course if $f=id$ then the characteristic classes are the same. Probably also the case when $f$ is of finite order may be carried out.
$E(f)$ depends only on the isotopy class of $f$ therefore, the characteristic classes of $E(f)$ should tell us (something) about whether $f$ lies in the identity component of the gauge group $\Gamma(Aut(E))$.
If this is correct however the problem might not be that easy,  since I believe that $\pi_0 (\Gamma(Aut(E)))$ for generic $X$  (any dimension, any rank of $E$)  is not known. But maybe I am missing something, please correct me if I'm wrong.
Since characteristic classes are related to sections, it is natural try to understand them.
If we have a section  $u: X\to E$, we can construct a section $\mu:X\times \mathbb{S}^1\to E(f)$ by putting $\mu(x,t) = [u(x)(1-t) + tf (x)(u(x)),t]$.
Notice  $\mu(x,t)$ is zero when $u(x)$ meets a $\lambda$-eigenspace of $f(x)\in Aut(E|_x)$ with $\lambda<0$ (or when u(x) is zero)).
However eigenspaces of $f$ do not define a subbundle (dimension can jump). I expect these subspaces to show up in a possible formula (if there is one).
Hopefully experts in homotopy theory will tell me more.
*Everything is smooth/manifold.
 A: In the case that $E$ is trivial, there is a "universal" example of the construction you describe, which is the vector bundle on $S^1\times U(n)$ formed  the "canonical" automorphism (each point acts on the fiber over it). For a general $X$ you take the pullback along the map to $S^1\times U(n)$ defined by the given automorphism. You can reduce the general case to this, assuming $X$ is compact, by adding to $E$ some bundle $F$ such that $E\oplus F$ is trivial and declaring the automorphism to be the identity on $F$. Note that $H^*(S^1\times U(n))$ is an exterior algebra generated by $x_1, y_1, y_3,...,y_{2n-1}$ (where the subscript of each generator indicates its degree) and the $k$-th chern class of our "universal" bundle on $S^1\times U(n)$ is $x_1y_{2k-1}$. In particular it seems that the problem you are posing is equivalent to the following: given a map $X\rightarrow U(n)$, determine its behavior on cohomology.
By the way, for a nice application of ideas similar to yours (study large automorphism groups using characteristic classes) check out this paper by Paul Seidel.
