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Given an integer $N>0$, not necessarily prime, we have the paramodular group $K(N) \subset \text{Sp}_{4}(\mathbb{Q})$, which consists of matrices of the form

$$\begin{bmatrix} * & *N & * & *\\ * & * & * & \frac{*}{N} \\ * & *N & * & * \\ *N & *N & *N & * \end{bmatrix} \in \text{Sp}_{4}(\mathbb{Q}) \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\, * \in \mathbb{Z}$$

We define the group $K^{*}(N) = \langle K(N), V_{N} \rangle$ generated by the paramodular group, and the matrix

$$V_{N} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{N}}\begin{bmatrix} 0 & N & 0 & 0\\ -1 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 \\ 0 & 0 & -N & 0 \end{bmatrix}$$

You can equivalently generate $K^{*}(N)$ with the parabolic subgroup isomorphic to $\text{SL}_{2}(\mathbb{Z}) \rtimes \mathbb{Z}^{2}$ and $V_{N}$, i.e. $K^{*}(N) = \langle \text{SL}_{2}(\mathbb{Z}) \rtimes \mathbb{Z}^{2}, V_{N} \rangle$.

So I have a function which transforms correctly under the very similar group $\langle \Gamma_{0}(N) \rtimes \mathbb{Z}^{2}, V_{N} \rangle$. I'm wondering, is this a common group? And does it have a moduli interpretation in abelian surfaces? I thought that replacing $\text{SL}_{2}(\mathbb{Z})$ by $\Gamma_{0}(N)$ might correspond to abelian surfaces with partial level structure and polarization $(1,N)$?

I think what I'm after is close to the Iwahori subgroup (along with $V_{N}$). But not quite. The Iwahori subgroup is $B(N) = \Gamma_{0}^{(2)}(N) \cap K(N)$, where $\Gamma_{0}^{(2)}(N)$ is the obvious Siegel congruence subgroup. The group $\langle B(N), V_{N} \rangle$ is close, but we lose that one non-integral entry $\frac{*}{N}$ in the paramodular group. And that entry seems to be important for me.

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  • $\begingroup$ @Kimball Right, it's in $\text{Sp}_{4}(\mathbb{R})$. This $K^{*}(N)$ formed using $V_{N}$ seems standard, for example see page 5 of (math.unt.edu/~schmidt/dimension_formulas/papers/…) $\endgroup$
    – Benighted
    Commented Feb 29, 2020 at 4:39
  • $\begingroup$ Sorry, I misread your question. $\endgroup$
    – Kimball
    Commented Feb 29, 2020 at 13:36

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