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Is there any way to find the following limit

$$R(n,m)=\lim_{N\to\infty}\frac{H_{nN,m}}{H_{N,m}}$$

which involves harmonic numbers (generalized if $m\neq 1$)

$$H_{N,m}=\sum_{k=1}^N k^{-m}\qquad ?$$

I am more specifically looking for a convenient way to compute it numerically for $m<1$ (if it converges to something else than 1 of course).

From numerical experiment on Mathematica for $m \leq 1$, I can guess $$R(n,m)=n^{1-m} \quad .$$

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  • $\begingroup$ Did you try replace the sums with integrals? $\endgroup$
    – Ron P
    Commented Feb 13, 2020 at 13:44
  • $\begingroup$ No. Do you know an integral formula for the generalized harmonic number? $\endgroup$
    – Alexandre
    Commented Feb 13, 2020 at 13:47

1 Answer 1

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Suppose first that $0\le m<1$. Then, using the inequality $k^{-m}\ge\int_k^{k+1} x^{-m}\,dx$ for $k>0$, we have $$H_{N,m}\ge\int_1^{N+1}x^{-m}\,dx=\frac{(N+1)^{1-m}-1}{1-m}\sim\frac{N^{1-m}}{1-m}\tag{1}$$ (as $N\to\infty$). Similarly, using the inequality $k^{-m}\le\int_{k-1}^k x^{-m}\,dx$ for $k>1$, we have $$H_{N,m}\le1+\int_1^{N}x^{-m}\,dx=1+\frac{N^{1-m}-1}{1-m}\sim\frac{N^{1-m}}{1-m}.\tag{2}$$ So, here $H_{N,m}\sim\frac{N^{1-m}}{1-m}$. Similarly, $H_{nN,m}\sim\frac{(nN)^{1-m}}{1-m}$. Thus, we confirm that $H_{nN,m}/H_{N,m}\sim n^{1-m}$, if $0\le m<1$.

The case $m<0$ is similar, now with the inequalities in (1) and (2) going in the opposite direction.

Finally, for $m=1$ we have $H_{N,m}\sim\ln N$, whence $H_{nN,m}/H_{N,m}\to1= n^{1-m}$.

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