# To what extent does the $(\mathfrak{g},K_{\infty})$ module determines the automorphic representation?

In this question, we will follow the notations and definitions from the book "Automorphic Representations and L-Functions for the General Linear Group" by Goldfeld and Hundley. For simplicity, let's focus of $$GL_2$$. The definition of an (cuspidal) automorphic representation with central character $$\omega$$ is given in Definition 5.1.12, (5.1.14), where $$\omega$$ is a unitary Hecke character $$\omega: \mathbb{Q}^{\times} \backslash \mathbb{A}_{\mathbb{Q}}^{\times} \rightarrow \mathbb{C}^{\times}$$

i.e. it is a smooth $$(\mathfrak{g},K_{\infty}) \times GL(2,\mathbb{A}_{\text{finite}})$$-module which is also isomorphic to a subquotient of the complex vector space of adelic (cusp) automorphic forms. As I literally know nothing about the theory of automorphic representations, I have two questions to bother the community.

1. Suppose we have two cuspidal automorphic representations with the same central character $$\omega$$, and if they are isomorphic as $$(\mathfrak{g},K_{\infty})$$ modules, are they isomorphic as automorphic representations? If not, do the two automorphic representations have any relations?

2. Given a $$(\mathfrak{g},K_{\infty})$$ module, how to check whether there exists a cuspidal automorphic representation whose local representation at $$\infty$$ is just this module? E.g. in order for this to be true, are there restrictions on this module? On the other hand, if there exists such a cuspidal automorphic representation, is it unique?

Any references are welcomed!

• Did you look at the $GL_1$ case, if $\chi$ is a Dirichlet character modulo $q^k$ with $q$ prime then $\omega(x) = sign(x_\infty)^{(1-\chi(-1))/2} \chi(\frac{x_q}{q^{v_q(x_q)}} \bmod q^{k}) \prod_{p \ne q} \chi(p)^{-v_p(x_p)}$ is an automorphic form and representation. Jan 6, 2019 at 17:13
• @reuns Yes I did, and this also shows the $\infty$ part only contains very limited information. I thought the $GL_2$ case might be very different. Jan 6, 2019 at 19:07

1) No, two distinct cuspidal automorphic representations can have the same underlying $$(\mathfrak{g},K)$$-module. In particular, if the $$(\mathfrak{g},K)$$-module is a weight $$k$$ discrete series, then the cuspidal automorphic representations corresponds to a holomorphic newform of weight $$k$$, and there are plenty of these. On the other hand, if the $$(\mathfrak{g},K)$$-module is a principal series representation, then there conjecturally are very few cuspidal automorphic representations that share the same $$(\mathfrak{g},K)$$-module, though they do exist: the known ones are quadratic twists. See my recent paper for further discussion on this problem.
2) For weight $$k$$ discrete series, there are formulae for the dimensions of spaces of holomorphic cusp forms of weight $$k$$, so this is easily done. For principal series, this is a very hard question. These correspond to Maass cusp forms, so you are asking whether given a positive real number $$\lambda$$, there exists a Maass cusp form with Laplacian eigenvalue $$\lambda$$. We only explicitly know a very thin sequence of such Laplacian eigenvalues, namely those corresponding to Hecke Größencharaktere, whose Laplacian eigenvalues are related to logarithms of fundamental units of real quadratic fields.