Integration of Maurer-Cartan form Let $G$ be a Lie group with Lie algebra $g$. As it is well known the Maurer-Cartan form $ω:TG\rightarrow g$ transports any vector $X\in T_{x}G$ to the start $l_{x^{-1}*}(X)\in g$, $l_{x^{-1}}$ denoting the left translation. Let $σ:[0,1]\rightarrow G$ a smooth path on $G$. It there a way to define path integration on $G$ such that $\int_{σ}{ω}=σ(1)σ(0)^{-1}$?
 A: The tangent bundle of the Lie group  is canonically trivialized, by left or right translations (depending on your conventions).  The Maurer-Cartan $1$-form defines a  connection on the tangent bundle and the Maurer-Cartan equation state that this connection is flat.   Thus the parallel transport of this connection along a loop   depends only on the homotopy type of that loop. In particular, if the group  is simply connected, the parallel  transport along any loop is trivial. Thus, the parallel  transport along a path depends only on its endpoints. The integral  of $\omega$  along a path should be defined to be this parallel transport. (I think this parallel transport is ${\rm  Ad}_{\sigma(1)\sigma(0)^{-1}}$, depending on how you choose your conventions: Lie algebra - space of left/right invariant vector fields.)
Remark. Let me point out a nice fact. Pick an ${\rm Ad}$-invariant homogeneous polynomial  of degree $k$ on the Lie algebra  of  $G$.  On   $TG$ there are two natural connections: the trivial connection  $\nabla^0$ and the connection $\nabla^\omega$ determined  by the Maurer-Cartan  form $\omega$. Both connections are flat!.  
The Chern-Weil  construction associates  to the polynomial $P$  and each $G$-connection $\nabla$ on $TG$  an closed form $P(\nabla)$ of degree $2k$. This form vanishes  if $\nabla is flat$. Moreover, for any connections $\nabla',\nabla$ on $TG$ there exists a canonical  transgression form $TP(\nabla',\nabla)$ of degree $2k-1$  such that
$$
P(\nabla')-P(\nabla)= dTP(\nabla',\nabla).
$$ 
Applying this to our connections $\nabla^0,\nabla^\omega$ we  deduce that $TP(\nabla^\omega, \nabla^0)$  is a closed form  of degree $2k-1$.   According to C. Chevalley the  close forms $TP(\nabla^\omega, \nabla^0)$ generate the cohomology ring  with real coefficients of the Lie group when $P$ runs through the Ad-invariant homogeneous polynomials on the Lie algebra. For more details I refer to Remark 8.1.15 of this book for more details.
