A modest generalization of the law of large numbers Suppose I collect $2n$ independent samples of a probability density function $f$, which are separated into pairs $\{X_i^1, X_i^2\}$ for $1\leq i\leq n$.  Suppose I now consider the set of all $2^n$ sequences obtained by taking one sample from each pair.  Are there any existing results comparable to the law of large numbers that describe the family of all distributions that are "obtainable" from these pairs?  For example, if I pick an interval $\mathcal{I}$ with mass $p=\int_\mathcal{I} f(x)dx$ and avoid that interval as much as possible (i.e., if a pair contains a sample not belonging to $\mathcal{I}$), then for large $n$, I will have only $p^2 n$ samples belonging to $\mathcal{I}$.  On the other hand, if I prefer $\mathcal{I}$ as much as possible, then I will have $[1-(1-p)^2]n$ samples belonging to $\mathcal{I}$.  Is there a more nuanced result that describes this kind of behavior?
 A: In the case where the $X$'s take finitely many values, you can prove what I claimed using the max-flow min cut theorem. I have not written it down, but this should be extendable to the general case. 
Here's what I mean. 
Suppose you have two finite sets $A$ and $B$, equipped with probability measures $p$ and $q$. ($A$ and $B$ are traditionally called "boys" and "girls"). Let $K\subset A\times B$ (i.e. $(a,b)\in K$ if $a$ and $b$ know each other). 
A coupling respecting $K$ is a measure $m$ on $A\times B$ such that $m(\{a\}\times B)=p(a)$, $m(A\times\{b\})=q(b)$ and $m(K)=1$. 
If $S\subset A$, define $\beta(S)=\{b\in B\colon\exists a\in S\text{ such that }(a,b)\in K\}$ and for $T\subset B$, $\alpha(T)=\{a\in A\colon\exists b\in T\text{ such that }(a,b)\in K\}$. By the max flow-min cut theorem, 
a coupling exists if and only if $q(\beta(S))\ge p(S)$ for each $S\subset A$ and $p(\alpha(T))\ge q(T)$ for each $T\subset B$.
To apply this to your problem, suppose that $X$ takes values $1,\ldots,n$ with probabilities $p_1,\ldots,p_n$. Let $A=\{(i,j)\colon 1\le i,j\le n\}$ and $B=\{1,\ldots,n\}$. Equip $A$ with the probability measure $p(i,j)=p_ip_j$. Let $K=\{((i,j),k)\colon i=k\text{ or }j=k\}$ (so that $\alpha(S)=\pi_1(S)\cup \pi_2(S)$, the union of the projections onto the coordinates and $\beta(S)=S\times\{1,\ldots,n\}\cup \{1,\ldots,n\}\times S$). Then applying the above criterion, you get that a coupling exists if and only if $(\sum_{i\in S}p_i)^2\le \sum_{i\in S}q_i\le 1-(1-\sum_{i\in S}p_i)^2)$ for each $S\subset \{1,\ldots,n\}$.
