I am searching for the name of a partition (if it already exists) I derived this definition by searching for a representation of a family of sets. I am quite sure that someone should have thought to this before, because it seems to be quite straightforward given a family of sets. However, I did not find anything suitable on google or on wikipedia.
Let a family of sets, say $A_1, \ldots, A_n$, be given. To avoid misunderstanding I will call them modules. This family induces a unique partition on the union set $A = \bigcup_{i=1}^{n} A_i$ in the following way: I call building block a maximal subset $B$ of $A$ such that do not exist 2 different modules $A_i$ and $A_j$ with:
$B \cap A_i \not= \emptyset$,
$B \cap A_j \not= \emptyset$ and
$B\not\subseteq A_i \cap A_j$.
For example, if my family consists of 2 different overlapping modules $A_1$ and $A_2$, I can partition the set $A = A_1 \cup A_2$ as:
(elements in $A_1 \cap A_2$);
(elements in $A_1$ but not in $A_2$);
(elements in $A_2$ but not in $A_1$).
I know that in logic there is something similar, but I am searching for something in set theory. Moreover, I want to underline the dependency of this uniquely derived partition from the family of sets I am given.
See also http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Reference_desk/Mathematics#Given_a_family_of_sets.2C_I_can_generate_a_partition_of_their_union_set.2C_by_looking_at_their_overlapping...
Thanks to all!
A newcomer
 A: Your building blocks are known as the atoms in the Boolean algebra or field of sets generated by the $A_i$. Each building block will consist of points that have the same pattern of answers for membership in the various $A_i$. To see this, observe first that by maximality any building block will respect this equivalence and therefore be a union of such atoms. Conversely, if a set has points with two different patterns of answers, then it will contain points from two $A_i$ without being contained in their intersection. (Specifically, if $x,y\in B$ and $x\in A_i$ but $y\notin A_i$, then pick $j$ such that $y\in A_j$, and observe that $B$ meets both $A_i$ and $A_j$, buit is not contained in $A_i\cap A_j$.) So the building blocks are the atoms.
If your family is finite as you indicated, then the Boolean algebra generated by the $A_i$ consists precisely of the unions of blocks. This is the representation theorem showing that every finite Boolean algebra is isomorphic to a finite power set---the power set of the atoms. 
In the infinite case, however, the Boolean algebra generated by the $A_i$ may be atomless---it may have no atoms at all, and this is a fascinating case. Nevertheless, your blocks still form a partition, and are precisely the atoms in the infinitary-generated field of sets, still determined by my argument above by the patttern-of-answers to membership in the $A_i$.
