Let $\Omega$ be a bounded domain in $\mathbb{C}^{n}$ and let $G=Aut(\Omega)$ be the full group of self-biholomorphisms of $\Omega$. Assume that there is $z\in \Omega$, such that the orbit of $z$ is somewhere dense, i. e. $\mathrm{int}~ \overline{G\cdot z}\ne\varnothing$. Does it follow that $\Omega$ is homogeneous, i.e. $G$ acts transitively on $\Omega$?
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1$\begingroup$ Are you assuming that $G$ is a Lie group? There might be domains that are homogeneous under the full group of self-biholomorphims but are not homogeneous under any Lie subgroup. For example, I think that $\mathbb{C}^3$ minus the three axis lines is such a domain. $\endgroup$– Robert BryantCommented May 18, 2017 at 5:38
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$\begingroup$ @RobertBryant $G$ is the full group of self-biholomorphisms. I guess I should add that $\Omega$ is bounded, things are usually more tangible under this assumption. $\endgroup$– erzCommented May 18, 2017 at 15:41
1 Answer
Edit: (21 May 2017) I have modified my answer to cover the case that the OP meant to ask, i.e., the assumption is that the closure of an orbit has nonempty interior.
Now that you have added the assumption of boundedness (and, I assume, connectedness, since, without it, the answer would clearly be 'no'), we can answer the question: Yes, a connected, bounded domain $\Omega\subset \mathbb{C}^n$ is homogeneous as long as there is any point $z\in\Omega$ such that $\mathrm{int}\bigl(\,\overline{G{\cdot}z}\,\bigr)$ is not empty.
The argument is as follows: By a result of Kobayashi $\Omega$ is hyperbolic, and hence $G=\mathrm{Aut}(\Omega)$ is a Lie group that, in particular, preserves the Bergman metric on $\Omega$ (cf., Theorem 9.1 of S. Kobayashi, Intrinsic distances, measures, and geometric function theory Bulletin of the AMS 82 (1976), 357–416).
Suppose that $z\in \Omega$ is such that the closure of its orbit contains an $\epsilon$-ball $B_\epsilon(p)\subset \Omega$ for some positive $\epsilon$ (using, say, the Bergman metric to define distances). Then the closure of this orbit contains $B_{\epsilon/2}(g{\cdot}z)$ whenever $g{\cdot}z \in B_{\epsilon/2}(p)$, and hence the closure of the orbit of $z$ contains $B_{\epsilon/2}(g{\cdot}z)$ for all $g\in G$. Consequently, the closure of the orbit of $z$ is both open and closed and hence, by connectedness, is all of $\Omega$.
Now, let $p\in\Omega$ be arbitrary and let $g_k\in G$ be a sequence such that $g_k{\cdot}z$ is a Cauchy sequence that converges to $p$. Since the maps $\phi_k:\Omega\to\Omega$ defined by $\phi_k(w) = g_k{\cdot}w$ are isometries of the Bergman metric, it follows that we can, by reducing to a subsequence, assume that, not only does $\phi_k(z)$ converge to $p$, but the sequence $\phi_k'(z):T_z\Omega\to T_{\phi_k(z)}\Omega$ converges to an isometry $f:T_z\Omega\to T_p\Omega$. It then follows by a standard argument using the path-connectedness of $\Omega$, that the sequence of Kähler isometries $\phi_k:\Omega\to\Omega$ converges on compact sets to a Kähler isometry $\phi_\infty:\Omega\to\Omega$.
It is easy to show that $\phi_\infty$ is a bijection, and, hence, it must belong to $G$. Thus, $p$ is in the $G$-orbit of $z$. Since $p$ was arbitrary, it follows that $G{\cdot}z = \Omega$, as was to be shown.
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$\begingroup$ Could you please explain why if a sequence of automorphisms converge at a point and their derivatives converge, then they converge on compact sets? I assume this has to be some standard Cartan-ish result, so if you could point me to a reference, that would be great. $\endgroup$– erzCommented May 22, 2017 at 4:59
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$\begingroup$ I will edit the question, so it matches your answer. $\endgroup$– erzCommented May 22, 2017 at 4:59
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$\begingroup$ I guess another explanation is that if a sequence of isometries converges at a point, then it is a relatively compact set in compact-open topology by Arzela-Askoli theorem, and since holomorphic maps form a closed set in this topology we can choose a subsequence, which converge to a holomorphic isometry, that must be a bijection due to some kind of Schwartz Lemma, right? $\endgroup$– erzCommented May 22, 2017 at 5:04
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$\begingroup$ @erz: To get the convergence, I'm using the fact that the bi-holomorphisms of $\Omega$ are isometries of the Bergman metric. It's a purely ODE fact that, if a sequence $\phi_k$ of Riemannian self-isometries of a connected Riemannian manifold has the property that $\phi_k(z)$ converges to $p$ one point while the derivatives $\phi_k':T_z\to T_{\phi_k(z)}$ converge to a linear map $f:T_z\to T_p$ (which is necessarily an isometry), then the isometries converge uniformly on compact sets to an isometry. You don't need completeness of the metric for this. $\endgroup$ Commented May 22, 2017 at 8:23
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$\begingroup$ Sorry, but again, could you please tell where to read this? $\endgroup$– erzCommented May 23, 2017 at 1:58