Commuting of exterior derivative and contraction (vector-valued forms)

Question

$\newcommand{\sig}{\sigma}$ $\newcommand{\tr}{\operatorname{tr}_{\eta}}$ $\newcommand{\al}{\alpha}$ $\newcommand{\be}{\beta}$ $\newcommand{\til}{\tilde}$

Let $E$ be a smooth vector bundle over a manifold $M$. Suppose $E$ is equipped with a metric $\eta$ and with a compatible metric connection $\nabla$. Note that $\nabla$ induces a connection on $E \otimes E$.

Let $\sig \in \Omega^k(M,E \otimes E)$ be an $E \otimes E$-valued differential form of degree $k$.

We denote by $d_{\nabla}$ the corresponding covariant exterior derviative on $E \otimes E$-valued forms:

$$ d_{\nabla}:\Omega^k(M,E \otimes E) \to \Omega^{k+1}(M,E \otimes E) $$

Now we can apply contraction and exterior differentiation in two orders:

(1) Let $\sigma \in \Omega^k(M,E \otimes E)$; $\, \,d_{\nabla} \sig \in \Omega^{k+1}(M,E \otimes E)$, so $\tr(d_{\nabla} \sig) \in \Omega^{k+1}(M)$ (a real valued form).

(2) $\tr(\sig) \in \Omega^{k}(M) \Rightarrow d\left(\tr(\sig)\right) \in \Omega^{k+1}(M)$ ($d$ is the standard exterior derivative of course)

Question: Is it true that $\tr(d_{\nabla} \sig) =d\left(\tr(\sig)\right)$ ?

I tried to prove this via induction on the degree of the form, but I am unable to finish the proof (see details below).

I suspect there is a more general commuting property hiding in the shadows, i.e commutation between exterior derivative and contraction for $E^* \otimes E$-valued forms.

I would be happy to find a reference (or a self-contained proof, of course).

Here is an attempt to prove this by induction on the degree:

$k=0$: $\sig \in \Omega^0(M,E \otimes E)=\Gamma(E \otimes E)$. Let $X \in \Gamma(TM)$.

$$ d_{\nabla} \sig \,(X)=\nabla_x^{E \otimes E} \sig \in \Gamma(E \otimes E)$$

Since the assertion is local, we can assume $\sig=\al \otimes \be$, where $\al ,\be \in \Gamma(E)$. So, on the one hand

$$ (*) \tr(d_{\nabla} \sig) (X) = \tr \left(d_{\nabla} \sig \left(X\right )\right) = \tr(\nabla_x^{E \otimes E} \left (\al \otimes \be\right))=\tr(\nabla_x^E \al \otimes \be) + \tr( \al \otimes \nabla_x^E \be)$$

$$ =\widetilde{\nabla_x^E} \al \,(\be) + \til \al (\nabla_x^E \be) $$

where given a section $\gamma \in \Gamma(E)$, we denote by $ \til \gamma \in \Gamma(E^*)$ its corresponding section obtained using the metric $\eta$.

On the other hand,

$$ \tr(\sig) =\tr(\al \otimes \be)= \til \al (\be)= \langle \al , \be \rangle_{\eta} \in \Omega^0(M)=C^{\infty}(M),$$ hence

$$ (**) \, d\left(\tr(\sig)\right) (X)= X \cdot \langle \al , \be \rangle_{\eta} = \langle \nabla_X^E \al , \be \rangle_{\eta} + \langle \al , \nabla_X^E \be \rangle_{\eta} =\widetilde{\nabla_x^E} \al \,(\be) + \til \al (\nabla_x^E \be)$$

Now $(*), (**)$ implies the desired equality.

Now, let us assume the assertion holds for all $j$-forms when $j < k$. (I am not sure how to proceed from here)

Answer 1

The general version you are looking for is the following: Suppose that$\Phi:V\to W$ is a vector bundle map between two vector bundles $V$ and $W$ over $M$. Suppose that we have connections $\nabla^V$ and $\nabla^W$, which are compatible with $\Phi$ in the sense that $\nabla^V_\xi \Phi(s)=\Phi(\nabla^W s)$ for all $s\in\Gamma(V)$ and for any vector field $\xi\in{\frak{X}}(M)$. Then $\Phi$ induces maps $\Phi_*:\Omega^k(M,V)\to\Omega^k(M,W)$ by acting on the values of forms. The general statement is that $\Phi_*$ is compatible with the covariant exterior derivatives, i.e. $d^{\nabla^W}(\Phi_*(\alpha))=\Phi_*(d^{\nabla^V}\alpha)$ for any $\alpha\in\Omega^k(M,V)$. The case you are looking at is $V=E\otimes E$ and $\nabla^V$ the induced connection from the metric connection $\nabla$ on $E$ and $W=M\times\mathbb R$ with the trivial connection (so the covariant exterior derivative becomes the exterior derivative) and $\Phi=tr_{\eta}$. The compatibility of $tr_{\eta}$ with the two connections essentially is the definition of a metric connection and it is verified your question.

Now for the proof of the general version, you just need the "global formula" for the covariant exterior derivative: Take vector fields $\xi_0,\dots,\xi_k\in{\frak X}(M)$ and a form $\beta\in\Omega^k(M,W)$. Then you can write $(d^{\nabla^W}\beta)(\xi_0,\dots,\xi_k)$ as $$ \sum_i(-1)^i\nabla^W_{\xi_i}\beta(\xi_0,\dots,\widehat{\xi_i},\dots,\xi_k)+\sum_{i<j}(-1)^{i+j}\beta([\xi_i,\xi_j],\xi_0,\dots,\widehat{\xi_i},\dots,\widehat{\xi_j},\dots,\xi_k) $$ with the hats denoting omission. If you insert $\beta=\Phi_*\alpha$, then in the second sum you simply get $\beta(\dots)=\Phi(\alpha(\dots))$. Doing a similar replacement in the first sum, you then use compatibility of $\Phi$ with the connections as $$ \nabla^W_{\xi_i}\Phi(\alpha(\xi_0,\dots,\widehat{\xi_i},\dots,\xi_k))= \Phi(\nabla^V_{\xi_i}\alpha(\xi_0,\dots,\widehat{\xi_i},\dots,\xi_k)). $$ Hence you conclude that $(d^{\nabla^W}\Phi_*\alpha)(\xi_0,\dots,\xi_k)=\Phi(d^{\nabla^V}\alpha(\xi_0,\dots,\xi_k))$ which is exactly the claim $d^{\nabla^W}\Phi_*\alpha=\Phi_*d^{\nabla^V}\alpha$.

Edit: As mentioned in the comment, the compatibility condition should read as $\nabla^W_\xi \Phi(s)=\Phi(\nabla^V_\xi s)$ for all $\xi$ and $s$.

Answer 2

As you suspected, you can use the corresponding statement for the trace on endomorphism valued forms, which itself follows from a simply standard computation. Your statement then follows from the fact, that your metric gives an isomorphism (I assume your bundles are real) between $E^*$ and $E$ such that the connection induced on $E^*$ by the isomorphism is actually the dual connection.

Of course, you can perform the computation directly, as in your attempt. Write your form locally as a finite sum of forms of the following type: $$e\otimes f\otimes \omega$$ where $e,f$ are locally defined sections in $E$ and $\omega$ is a closed $j$-form. Then $$d^\nabla(e\otimes f\otimes \omega)=(d^\nabla(e\otimes f))\wedge\omega$$ and $$d\, tr_\eta(e\otimes f\otimes \omega)= d(tr_\eta (e,f)\otimes \omega)=d(tr_\eta (e,f))\wedge \omega$$ and the statment follows from the special case $j=0.$