No. You can't separate $0$ from $1$ in an atomless
Boolean algebra, such as the (complete)
Boolean algebra of regular open
subsets of $\mathbb R$.
The set of principal ideals and principal
filters form a subbasis of closed
sets for the topology on $B$, so a typical basic closed set has the form
$I\cup F$ where $I$ is a finitely generated order ideal and $F$ is a finitely
generated order filter. Our goal is to show that there do not
exist proper basic closed subsets $C_0=I_0\cup F_0$ containing $0$ and not $1$
and $C_1=I_1\cup F_1$ containing $1$ and not $0$,
whose union $C_0\cup C_1$ equals $B$.
To obtain a contradiction, assume that
$B = C_0\cup C_1$ for proper basic closed sets
satisfying $0\in C_0-C_1$ and $1\in C_1-C_0$.
Since $1\notin C_1$ and $0\notin C_0$ we get that
$C_0 = I_0$ is a proper f.g. order ideal and $C_1 = F_1$ is a
proper f.g. order filter.
Suppose that $C_0$ is the order ideal generated by
some finite set $X$ and that $C_1$ is the order filter
generated by some finite set $Y$.
Let $C$ be the subalgebra of $B$ generated by $X\cup Y$. It is finite.
If the set of atoms of $C$ is $V=\{v_1\ldots,v_p\}$, then
for $u_i:=\bigvee_{j\neq i} v_j$ we get that
$U = \{u_1,\ldots,u_p\}$ is the set of coatoms of $C$.
Note that $V$ consists of the cells in a finite partition
of unity, and $U$ consists of the complementary elements.
The f.g. order ideal $D_0$ generated by
$U$ contains $C_0$ and still does not contain $1$, while the f.g.
order filter $D_1$ generated by $V$ contains $C_1$ but still does
not contain $0$. This reduces the original situation to one in
which $D_1$ is a proper order filter generated by the
cells in a finite partition of unity, while $D_0$ is the proper f.g.
order ideal generated by the complements of single cells
in the same partition of unity.
The set $V = \{v_1,\ldots,v_p\}$ consists of nonempty,
pairwise disjoint, elements of $B$. If $B$ is atomless,
then we can choose $w_i$ such that $0<w_i<v_i$ for all $i$.
Let $W = \bigvee w_i$.
For each $i$ we have $v_i\not\leq W$,
since $v_i\cap W = v_i\cap w_i = w_i < v_i$. Moreover,
$W\not\leq u_j$ for any $j$, since $0<w_j\leq W$
and $w_j\not\leq u_j$. Thus $W\notin D_0\cup D_1$.
Hence also $W\notin C_0\cup C_1$.
In fact, the argument can be relativized to intervals to prove
that if $x<y$, then $x$ cannot be separated from $y$ unless
there is an atom below $y$ disjoint from $x$. This happens for every
$x<y$ only when $B$ is an
atomic BA.
To restate this: if the topology is Hausdorff, then the BA must be atomic.
Conversely, if $B$ is atomic, then the topology is Hausdorff. To see this,
suppose that $r\not\leq s$ in $B$. Choose an atom $t\leq r$
that is disjoint from $s$. Then the closed sets $\uparrow t$
and $\downarrow t'$ separate $r$ from $s$ and have union equal to $B$.