Question. Let $S$ be a closed surface of genus $> 1$. Can $\pi_1(S)$ act faithfully and minimally on a simplicial tree of finite valence? Here "minimal" means that there is no invariant sub-tree.
Things I know related to this: a minimal action on an $\mathbb{R}$-tree $T$ (like a simplicial tree) gives a canonical measured foliation $F$ on $S$, and a measured foliation in turn gives an action on an $\mathbb{R}$-tree $T_F$, with a surjective equivariant map $T_F \to T$. For simplicial trees, the measured foliation will come by taking a finite collection of simple closed curves and expanding them to make a measured foliation. The resulting tree $T_F$ is then an infinite-valence simplial tree, on which $\pi_1(S)$ acts faithfully. So the question is basically whether you can fold that infinite-valence tree to get a finite-valence tree on which the action is still faithful.
Another point of view is to look at the resulting graph of groups (from Bass-Serre theory). But the edge groups cannot be cyclic (Skora proved this), and it's not clear to me how to proceed from this point.
Richard K. Skora, Splittings of surfaces, J. Amer. Math. Soc. 9 (1996), no. 2, 605--616.