Even though my question can be asked for very general types of foliations, I am interesetd only in its answer for Poisson manifolds, which are what I am currently studying.
Consider a Poisson manifold $(M, P)$ and let its symplectic leaves be $(M_a) _{a \in A}$, with $i_a : M_a \hookrightarrow M$ the usual injective Poisson immersions. Let $f_a \in C^\infty (M_a)$. Is it possible to test whether there exist a "simultaneous extension" $f \in C^\infty (M)$ such that $\left. f \right| _{M_a} := i_a ^* (f) = f_a$?