What is known about the asymptotic behavior of $$ f(x)=\sum_{p\le x}\frac1p-\log\log x-B_1? $$
Of course by Mertens we know that $f(x)=o(1),$ but has more been proved (in terms of $O$ or $\Omega_\pm$, say)? A reference would be great.
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$\begingroup$ Bach and Shallit include a list of many useful estimates, title is probably Algorithmic Number Theory. $\endgroup$– Will JagyCommented Jan 5, 2015 at 20:44
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$\begingroup$ there is also some two or three volume thing which is entirely identities and estimates in number theory. I borrowed one volume once but cannot remember author(s). Just a list of results with individual references. $\endgroup$– Will JagyCommented Jan 5, 2015 at 20:45
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$\begingroup$ @WillJagy: Mitrinović et. al.'s Handbook of Number Theory? $\endgroup$– CharlesCommented Jan 5, 2015 at 20:48
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$\begingroup$ Could be. Having more than one author seems right, also the title is promising. Let me try a few pages online... $\endgroup$– Will JagyCommented Jan 5, 2015 at 20:50
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6$\begingroup$ Some related discussion is at mathoverflow.net/questions/95743/… . Actually, I think from summation by parts that the error term should basically be the error term in the prime number theorem divided by x, thus $O(\exp( - c \log^{3/5} x / \log\log^{1/5} x ) )$ unconditionally, or $O( x^{-1/2} \log x )$ on RH (one may possibly be able to reduce the log factor a bit). $\endgroup$– Terry TaoCommented Jan 5, 2015 at 21:18
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"Mertens' Proof of Mertens' Theorem" suggests that Mertens had an error term of $O\left(\frac1{\ln x}\right)$, though that's not tight; theorem 14 there offers an $O\left(\frac1{\ln^2x}\right)$ unconditional estimate and an $O(x^{-1/2}\ln x)$ estimate dependent on RH, with references to the original proofs.
answered Jan 5, 2015 at 20:39
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$\begingroup$ $O(x^{-1/2} \ln x)$, that is? $\endgroup$ Commented Jan 6, 2015 at 0:37
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1$\begingroup$ @NoamD.Elkies Indeed. ($x$ and $n$ are canonically interchangeable anyway, right? :-) ) $\endgroup$ Commented Jan 6, 2015 at 1:03