$\prod _{n=1}^{\infty } \left(1+a (c+n)^b\right)$ where a > 0, b < -1, and c >= 0
Is there a special function, series expansion, or other simpler (or maybe just interesting) representation of this infinite product ?
This is but a partial answer.
If $c$ is integer, then you can add a few terms to reduce the problem to $\prod_{n=1}^\infty (1+an^b)$. If in addition $b$ is integer, then you can write $$(1+an^b) = \prod_{\xi^b=-a}(1+(-\frac \xi n))$$ and reduce to a finite product of inverses of $\Gamma$ functions and exponentials, using the product formula for $\Gamma$ (at complex values of the parameter).
I don't know what to make of the general case, but there are more knowledgeable people here.