query about quasi-simple algebraic groups over local fields Suppose that $G$ is an absolutely quasi-simple algebraic group over a non-archimedean local field $k$ (of either zero or positive characteristic). Is it known whether or not it is necessarily the case that the group $G(k)$ with the strong $k$-topology is locally topologically finitely generated and locally hereditarily just infinite?
 A: The answer to your question is yes. Let $G(k)$ be the group of rational points of $G$. Choose a global field $K$ contained in $k$ such that $G$ is defined over $K$ (this can be done, by e.g. classification of $G$ over $k$). Let $S$ be a large finite set of places of $K$ such that $S$ contains all the Archimedean ones, and such that $G(O_S)$ has "higher rank" and such that $S$ contains a non-archimedean  place different from the completion $v:K\subset k$, and so that $S$ does not contain the place $v$. The rank of $G(O_S)$ is by definition the sum
$$\sum _{v\in S} K_v-rank (G);$$ one says that $G(O_S)$ has higher rank if the rank of $G(O_S)$ is $\geq 2$.  By strong approximation, $G(O_S)$ is dense in the compact open subgroup $G(O_k)$. 
Suppose $U\subset G(k)$ is a compact open subgroup. Then the intersection $\Gamma =G(O_S)\cap U$ has finite index in $G(O_S)$; moreover, since $G(O_S)$ has higher rank, it is finitely generated (it always is f.g in char zero - a result of Borel-Harish-Chandra, but in char p, you need higher rank). Hence $\Gamma $ is f.g and dense in $U$. Thus $G(k)$ is topologically finitely generated. 
We now turn to proving that $G(k)$ is "locally hereditarily just infinite" (in OP's terminology). If $G$ is isotropic over $k$, then we can choose a $K$-form of $G$  (again using classification) so that $G$ is isotropic over $K$; now suppose $N$ is a normal subgroup of  an open $U$ in $G(O_k)$. If N'= $N\cap \Gamma$ is non-trivial, then 
by the Margulis normal subgroup theorem, $N'$ has finite index in $N$ and again $\Gamma /N'$ is finite hence, by density of $\Gamma $ in $U$,  $U/N$ is finite. 
If $N'$ is trivial, the argument (that I am thinking of) is more involved; the quotient $U/N$ is a profinite group in which the $S$-arithmetic group $\Gamma$ sits densely; but the congruence subgroup property (proved in this generality by Raghunathan) shows that such a quotient $U/N$ cannot exist; i.e. $U/N$ is finite. Hence $G(k)$ is hereditarily just infinite. 
Finally, the anisotropic case can be handled directly. This involves looking at $G=SL_1(D)$ or $SU(D)$ for suitable division algebras; the argument uses congruence subgroup property for "semi-local" rings, i.e. groups like $G(K)$ or $G(O_T)$ where $T$ is the $complement$ of a finite set.
By the way, all this is unnecessary if $char~k$ is zero; every normal subgroup $N$ of $U$ is automatically open and hence of finite index, by p-adic Lie algebra considerations   
A: The answer to whether it is "locally h.j.i." is "in most cases". The precise condition is the following :
Theroem (C. Riehm, THE CONGRUENCE SUBGROUP PROBLEM OVER LOCAL FIELDS) :
Let $G(k)$ be an absolutely quasi-simple algebraic group over a local field and let $U$ be any open subgroup (in the strong topology). Then $U$ is hereditarily just infinite if and only if the map $\tilde{G} \rightarrow G $ is separable (where $\tilde{G}$ denotes the simply connected cover).
As an example where the answer would be no, in characteristic $p$, the map $ SL_{p}\rightarrow PSL_{p} $ is inseparable.
The proof is in the paper of Riehm. I also worked out an explicit counter-example here : http://arxiv.org/abs/1409.8184 (see example 2.7)
