# Properties of open covers

I am reading this article in which two properties of open covers are described:

$$\gamma$$-property: If $$\mathcal U$$ is an open $$\omega$$-cover of $$X$$, then there sequence $$\{ G_n : G_n \in \mathcal U\} \subset \mathcal U$$ such that $$\underline{Lim} G_n = X$$.(page 153)

$$\gamma'$$-property: If $$\mathcal U_n$$ is a sequence open $$\omega$$-covers of $$X$$, then there sequence $$\{ G_n : G_n \in \mathcal U_n \}$$ such that $$\underline{Lim} G_n = X$$.(page 155)

$$\underline{Lim}A_n=\{ x \in X : \exists n_0 \in \omega \space \forall n \geq n_0 \space x \in A_n \}$$

In page 156, it is proved that, $$\gamma$$-property implies $$\gamma'$$ property. The general idea of the proof is clear to me except of one remark. It is mentioned at the end of page 155 that, "As we can suppose that $$\mathcal U_{n+1}$$ is a refinement of $$\mathcal U_n$$ for every $$n \in \omega$$, it is enough to prove that there is an infinite subsequence $$\langle n_k : k \in \omega \rangle$$ and a sequence $$G_k \in \mathcal U_{n_k}$$ with $$\underline{Lim}G_k = X$$".

I don't see why we can assume that $$\mathcal U_{n+1}$$ is a refinement of $$\mathcal U_n$$ for every $$n \in \omega$$.

Any help?

Thank you!

• Suppose that $\{ \mathcal{U}_n \}_{n \in \omega}$ and $\{ \mathcal{V}_n \}_{n \in \omega}$ are sequences of open $\omega$-covers and each $\mathcal{V}_n$ is a refinement of $\mathcal{U}_n$. If there is a sequence $\{ G_n \}_{n \in \omega}$ such that $G_n \in \mathcal{V}_n$ and $\underline{\mathrm{Lim}}_n G_n = X$, then we can find a sequence $\{ H_n \}_{n \in \omega}$ such that $H_n \in \mathcal{U}_n$ and $\underline{\mathrm{Lim}}_n H_n = X$. (Just choose $H_n \in \mathcal{U}_n$ including $G_n$ as a subset.)
• If $\mathcal{U}$ and $\mathcal{V}$ are two open $\omega$-covers, then $\{ G \cap H : G \in \mathcal{U} , H \in \mathcal{V}, G \cap H \neq \varnothing \}$ is also an open $\omega$-cover and is a refinement of both $\mathcal{U}$ and $\mathcal{V}$.
This implies that we can "refine" a sequence of open $\omega$-covers so that each successive cover in the new sequence refines those which come before it.