Uniqueness of composition series for profinite groups (It is possible that an answer to this question can be found in the literature, but I couldn't find anything after searching for about an hour.)
Let $G$ be a compact, totally disconnected, second countable group. (Equivalently, a profinite group: it is the inverse limit of finite groups.) It makes sense to talk about normal series: $\{e\} \lhd \cdots\cdots G_2\lhd G_1\lhd G$ where $G_n$ is a closed subrgoup of $G$, $G_n$ is normal in $G_{n-1}$ and $G_{n-1}/G_n$ is finite and $\bigcap_{n\in\mathbb{N}}G_n=\{e\}$. This is the same as having an inverse limit expresion
$$G\to \cdots \to H_2\to H_1\to \{e\}$$
where each $H_n$ is finite.
Call the normal series a composition series if each $G_{n-1}/G_n$ is simple. (In the inverse limit picture, this is the same as the kernel of each map $H_n\to H_{n-1}$ being simple.)
Are the simple factors appearing in a composition series unique up to permutation? The result is false without compactness, but I do not know if it is true with it.
 A: Yes, the composition factors are unique up to permutation, and this can be derived from the Jordan-Hölder theorem for finite groups.
If $G$ is second countable, it has a composition series: one can obtain this by starting with some countable basis of identity neighbourhoods (which may be taken to consist of open normal subgroups of $G$, since every open neighbourhood of the identity contains an open normal subgroup), taking intersections to form a descending chain of open normal subgroups with trivial intersection, and then refining the series.  So let us assume that we have a composition series $(G_n)$.  The equivalence class of $(G_n)$ is defined by the number of times, say $f(S)$, each isomorphism type $S$ of finite simple group appears as a factor $G_{n-1}/G_n$.
Let $S$ be a finite simple group.  Then there are two possibilities: either $f(S)$ is a non-negative integer, or $f(S) = \aleph_0$.  If $f(S)$ is finite, then there is a finite discrete quotient $G/G_n$ of $G$ such that some (hence any) composition series for $G/H$ has $f(S)$ simple factors isomorphic to $S$.  Moreover, every finite discrete quotient of $G$ has at most $f(S)$ copies of $S$ in any composition series: This is clear for $G/G_n$ for all $n$ assuming Jordan-Hölder for finite groups, and then we use compactness to show that any finite discrete quotient $G/H$ of $G$ is a quotient of $G/G_n$.  If $f(S)$ is infinite, then $G$ has finite quotients with composition series that have arbitrarily many factors isomorphic to $S$.  Thus $f(S)$ is an invariant of $G$ as a topological group, independent of the choice of composition series $(G_n)$, so all composition series are equivalent.
One can define transfinite descending composition series for arbitrary profinite groups.  Here I am not sure about uniqueness: the difficulty is in counting the cardinality of times a composition factor appears (assuming it appears infinitely many times).
