In the real analytic case the problem reduces to an algebraic one. Denote by $\newcommand{\eA}{\mathscr{A}}$ $\eA$ the ring of germs at $\newcommand{\bR}{\mathbb{R}}$ $0\in\bR^n$ of real analytic functions defined in some neighborhood of the origin. To such a function $f$ we associate its Jacobian ideal $J_f\subset\eA$ generated by the germs at $0$ $\newcommand{\pa}{\partial}$ of the first order partial derivatives of $f$, $\pa_{x_1} f,\dotsc, \pa_{x_n} f$. Then
$$ \mbox{$\dim \eA/J_f <\infty $}\;\;\Rightarrow 0 \;\;\mbox{is an isolated critical point of $f$} . $$
The dimension of the $\bR$-algebra $\eA/J_f$ is called the Milnor number of $f$ at the critical point $0$ and it is denoted by $\mu(f,0)$. (A similar result holds if $\eA$ is replaced with the ring of germs at $0$ of smooth functions.) The natural condition to impose is the finite multiplicity of the critical point, $\mu(f,0)<\infty$.
Thus, in the real analytic case, one can ask the closely related question: given that $\mu(f,0)<\infty$, is it true that for any homogeneous quadratic polynomial $q:\bR^n\to \bR$ we have $\mu(f+q,0)<\infty$.
Here is a general perturbation result: if $p:\bR^n\to\bR$ is a polynomial function then there exists $\newcommand{\ve}{\varepsilon}$ $\ve_0>0$ such that, for any $|s|<\ve_0$ we have
$$\mu(f+s p,0)<\infty . $$
Much more refined results are available. I refer you two two sources I found useful.
T. de Jong, G. Pfister: Local Analytic Geometry, Vieweg, 2000
Arnold, Gusein-Zade, Varchenko: Singularities of Differentiable Maps. Vol.1
Theorem 6.4.5. in deJong-Pfister is particularly relevant.