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Let $f:X \to \mathbb{P}^1$ be a projective flat morphism, $X$ is a projective scheme. Let $\mathcal{F}$ be a locally free sheaf on $X$. Are the higher direct image sheaves $R^if_*\mathcal{F}$ locally free for all $i>0$?

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  • $\begingroup$ What are the assumptions on $X$? Is it a scheme or what? $\endgroup$
    – IMeasy
    Commented Nov 17, 2013 at 20:49
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    $\begingroup$ You stipulate that $i > 0$. Do you know a counter-example when $i=0$? $\endgroup$ Commented Nov 17, 2013 at 20:50
  • $\begingroup$ You might find it useful to read about the geometry/topology of "Lefschetz fibrations". $\endgroup$ Commented Nov 18, 2013 at 7:50
  • $\begingroup$ Can you tell us more about your sheaf $\mathcal{F}$ and your map $f$? For many sheaves related to differentials (twisted in various "nice" ways) assuming $f$ is nice enough, the statement is true. $\endgroup$ Commented Nov 18, 2013 at 15:02
  • $\begingroup$ @Schwede: Could you give some example or reference. In my case $\mathcal{F}$ is the normal sheaf of $X$. $\endgroup$
    – Jana
    Commented Nov 19, 2013 at 0:03

1 Answer 1

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No. For instance there is a flat, projective morphism $f:X\rightarrow \Bbb{P}^1$ such that $X_t:=f^{-1}(t)$ is a smooth rational curve for $t\neq 0$, but $X_0$ is a nodal plane cubic curve with an embedded point (see Hartshorne, III.9.8.4). Then $H^1(X_t,\mathcal{O}_{X_t})$ is zero for $t\neq 0$, but $\ \dim H^1(X_0,\mathcal{O}_{X_0})=1$ . By base change it follows that $R^1f_*\mathcal{O}_X$ is the skyscraper sheaf with 1-dimensional fiber at 0.

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  • $\begingroup$ I am a bit confused right now. I noticed in the example that you state $X_0$ is not a closed subscheme of $\mathbb{P}^2$. So I do not totally understand why $f$ is projective. Adding to my confusion is the corollary $7.8.7$ in EGA-III which if I understand correctly means that the dimension of the global sections of the structure sheaf remains contant in this example if it were projective. Could you tell me what is it that I am getting wrong? $\endgroup$
    – Jana
    Commented Dec 5, 2013 at 6:07
  • $\begingroup$ Projectivity is not a problem, look at Hartshorne, example 9.8.4. And for your EGA corollary, the key hypothesis, namely that $H^0(X_0,\mathcal{O}_{X_0})$ is a separable $\mathbb{C}$-algebra (i.e. $\mathbb{C}\times \ldots \times \mathbb{C}$) is not satisfied. $\endgroup$
    – abx
    Commented Dec 5, 2013 at 6:21
  • $\begingroup$ The last line of the example says it is not a closed subscheme (see last line on pp. 259). Isnt $H^0(\mathcal{O}_{X_0})$ a finite dimensional $\mathbb{C}$-vector space? $\endgroup$
    – Jana
    Commented Dec 5, 2013 at 6:41
  • $\begingroup$ It is of course, but not a separable algebra. $\endgroup$
    – abx
    Commented Dec 5, 2013 at 6:59

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