For an integer $n$ with decomposition $n=p_1^{e_1}...p_k^{e_k}$ denote $\lambda(n)=\sum e_i$. It follows from the prime number theorem that $\#\{n\le x|\lambda(n)=a\pmod{2}\}\equiv x/2+O(x\exp(-c\log^{1/2}x))$ (for $a=0,1$). What is known about $\#\{n\le x|\lambda(n)\equiv a\pmod{m}\}$ for other fixed $a,m$, say $m=3,a=1$?
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What you call $\lambda(n)$ is often denoted $\Omega(n)$ in the literature.
Hubert Delange, Sur la distribution des valeurs de certaines fonctions arithmétiques, Colloque sur la Théorie des Nombres, Bruxelles, 1955, pp. 147–161, Georges Thone, Liège; Masson and Cie, Paris, 1956, MR0085291 (19,17b) gets a very general result, of which the following is a special case: the values of $\Omega(n)$ are equally distributed over the residue classes mod $q$, for integer $q$.
answered Jul 29, 2013 at 23:37
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1$\begingroup$ See also the following paper where the size of the error term is also discussed: projecteuclid.org/euclid.nmj/1306851587 $\endgroup$ Commented Jul 30, 2013 at 5:14
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1$\begingroup$ Basically, one inverts the condition that $\Omega(n)\equiv a \mod m$ using additive characters mod $m$. The sums $\sum_{n\le x}v^{\Omega(n)}$ with $v=e^{2\pi i b/m}$ are then estimated using the Selberg-Delange method (see Tenenbaum's book "Introduction to Analytic and Probabilistic Number Theory"). $\endgroup$ Commented Jul 30, 2013 at 12:36
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1$\begingroup$ Also look at the paper of Addison referenced in this question: mathoverflow.net/questions/71155/… $\endgroup$ Commented Aug 12, 2013 at 3:51