Sum of two self-adjoint unbounded operators Let $H$ be a Hilbert space, and $T:D(T)\subset H\rightarrow H$ and $S:D(S)\subset H\rightarrow H$ be unbounded self-adjoint operators.
Is $T+S:D(T)\cap D(S)\rightarrow H$ self-adjoint?
 A: The answer is no.     $\newcommand{\bR}{\mathbb{R}}$ Consider the  Hilbert space  of $L^2$-functions
$$ u:[0,1]\to \bR^2,\;\;u(t)=(x(t), y(t)) . $$
Define 
$$ D(T)=\Bigl\lbrace u\in H;\;\int_0^1 \bigl\vert u'(t)\bigr\vert^2 dt <\infty,\;;\;x(0)=x(1)=0\;\Bigr\rbrace,  $$
$$ D(S)=\Bigl\lbrace u\in H;\;\int_0^1 \bigl|u'(t)\bigr|^2 dt <\infty,\;;\;y(0)=y(1)=0\;\Bigr\rbrace.  $$
Denote by $J:\bR^2\to\bR^2$ the  linear operator  $(x,y)\mapsto (-y,x)$.   For $u\in D(T)$ defines
$$ Tu=J\frac{du}{dt}, $$
while for $ u\in D(S)$ define
$$ Su=J\frac{du}{dt}. $$
Both operators $S$ and $T$ are selfadjoint. Note that
$$ D(T)\cap D(S)= \Bigl\lbrace u\in H;\;\int_0^1 \bigl|u'(t)\bigr|^2 dt <\infty,\;\;u(0)=u(1)=0\,\Bigr\rbrace. $$
The operator $A:=T+S:D(A)= D(T)\cap D(S)\to H$ is symmetric, but not selfadjoint.  Indeed,  $ v\in D(A^*)$ if and only if, there exists $C>0$ such that
$$ \bigl\vert\;(Au, v)_{H} \;\bigr\vert \leq C\Vert u\Vert_H,\;\;\forall u\in D(A). $$
The constant function $t\mapsto v(t)= (1,1)$  satisfies this condition because for any $u\in D(A)$ we have
$$ (Au, v)_H=\int_0^1 \bigl(\; 2Ju'(t), v(t)\;\bigr) dt = 2\int_0^1\frac{d}{dt} \bigl(\; Ju(t), v(t)\;\bigr) =0. $$
We have produced  a function $v\in D(A^*)\setminus D(A)$.
A: Let $T:D(T)\to H$ be a self-adjoint unbounded operator.
Take $S=-T$ with domain $D(S)=D(T)$.
Then $S$ is a self-adjoint unbounded operator but the sum $T+S$ is the null operator $0:D(T)\to H$, which is not self-adjoint if $D(T)\neq H$.
A: This is one of the central problems of modern mathematical physics.  One could fill libraries with the mathematics generated by the most important special case---the Schrödinger operator.  Mathematically, this is the question of when the sum of the Laplace operator and a multiplication operator on $L^2$ is self-adjoint (more precisely, essentially self-adjoint).  The writings of Barry Simon, many of which are available online, are a good place to start.
A: In general if T,S, and T+S are densely defined linear operator on a Hilbert space then
$$ T^* + S^* \subset (T+S)^* $$
If S is bounded then
$$ T^* + S^* = (T + \bar{S})^* $$
So if S is bounded then $ T + \bar{S} $ is self adjoint. Of course there could be more weaker conditions for them to be self adjoint.
