what is a spinor structure? There are of course lots of definitions and references for this, but in the same way that, on a manifold $M$,


*

*a Riemannian metric is a section of positive definite symmetric bilinear forms on $TM$

*or an almost complex structure is a section $J$ of $\textrm{End}(TM)$ which is everywhere an anti-involution (i.e. $J_x^2 = - \mathrm{Id}_{T_x M} $)

*or an orientation is a non-vanishing section of $\Lambda^m TM$ 


is 
a spin structure, a section of quadratic forms $Q$ on $TM$ (of type $(s,t)$) and a vector bundle $S$ so that $\textrm{End}(S) \simeq \textrm{C}\ell(TM,Q)$?
...or something of the like? any references where it may be stated in this fashion?
 A: Just to elaborate a bit in explicitly differential-geometric terms on MTS's answer, which refers to certain results of Plymen's originally restated in terms of Morita equivalence (via the dictionary given by the Serre–Swan theorem), let $M$ be a compact orientable Riemannian manifold, and let $\operatorname{\mathbb{C}l}^{(+)}(M)$ be the finite rank Azumaya bundle given by the complexification of the Clifford bundle $\operatorname{Cl}(M)$ if $\dim M$ is even, and by the complexification of the even subbundle of the Clifford bundle if $\dim M$ is odd. Then $M$ is *spin*$^\mathbb{C}$ if and only if there exists an irreducible $\operatorname{\mathbb{C}l}^{(+)}(M)$-module, that is, a Hermitian vector bundle $\mathcal{S} \to M$ (i.e., a spinor bundle) such that $\operatorname{\mathbb{C}l}^{(+)}(M) \cong \operatorname{End}(\mathcal{S})$.
Now, if what you care about are specifically spin manifolds, one can endow $\operatorname{\mathbb{C}l}^{(+)}(M)$ with a canonical $\mathbb{C}$-linear anti-involution, and hence equip the dual bundle $\mathcal{E}^*$ of a $\operatorname{\mathbb{C}l}^{(+)}(M)$-module with the structure of a $\operatorname{\mathbb{C}l}^{(+)}(M)$-module. It is then , that $M$ is actually spin if and only if there exists an irreducible $\operatorname{\mathbb{C}l}^{(+)}(M)$-module $\mathcal{S} \to M$ such that $\mathcal{S} \cong \mathcal{S}^\ast$ not only as Hermitian vector bundles, but also as $\operatorname{\mathbb{C}l}^{(+)}(M)$-modules—this is, then, the spinor bundle for its corresponding spin structure. Indeed, by the anti-unitary isomorphism $\mathcal{S} \cong \mathcal{S}^\ast$ of Hermitian vector bundles defined by the Hermitian metric, together with a little bit of care, one can recognise such a unitary isomorphism of $\operatorname{\mathbb{C}l}^{(+)}(M)$-modules as nothing else than the charge conjugation operator on spinors in mild disguise.
A: A spin structure on a real vector space V equipped with a real quadratic form μ
is an invertible bimodule (i.e., a Morita equivalence)
from Cl(V,μ) to Cl(Rdim(V),ν).
Here ν is the direct sum of dim(V) copies of the canonical
quadratic form on R.
A spinc structure on a complex vector space V equipped with a complex quadratic form μ
is an invertible bimodule
from Cl(V,μ) to Cl(Cdim(V),ν).
Here ν is the direct sum of dim(V) copies of the canonical
quadratic form on C.
Note that spin and spinc structures form
a category instead of a mere set, just as we would expect.
Of course, these definitions immediately extend
to vector bundles, with the obvious requirement
that invertible bimodules form bundles themselves.
A spin or spinc structure on a smooth manifold
is a spin or spinc structure on its real
or complex tangent bundle.
A: Chapter 9 of Elements of Noncommutative Geometry, by Gracia-Bondia, Varilly, and Figueroa, has this perspective on spin$^c$ and spin structures.  
The way to think about this algebraically is that the module of (continuous, say) sections of a spinor bundle over a (compact, Riemannian) manifold $M$ is Morita equivalence bimodule for the algebras $C(M)$ and $Cl(M)$, where $C(M)$ is the algebra of continuous functions and $Cl(M)$ is the algebra of continuous sections of the Clifford bundle (formed using the Riemannian metric).  You can replace "continuous" with "smooth" here with no problems.
