Numerical Methods for ODEs - History Wikipedia presents a timeline of important developments in Numerical Methods for ODEs, namely:
1768 - Leonhard Euler publishes his method.
1824 - Augustin Louis Cauchy proves convergence of the Euler method. In this proof, Cauchy uses the implicit Euler method.
1855 - First mention of the multistep methods of John Couch Adams in a letter written by F. Bashforth.
1895 - Carl Runge publishes the first Runge–Kutta method.
1905 - Martin Kutta describes the popular fourth-order Runge–Kutta method.
1910 - Lewis Fry Richardson announces his extrapolation method, Richardson extrapolation.
1952 - Charles F. Curtiss and Joseph Oakland Hirschfelder coin the term stiff equations.

but with no links for the original works. 
The question is: are there references with a timeline like this with links pointing to the original works?
 A: Here are the sources:
Leonhard Euler: Institutiones calculi integralis (1768)
Augustin Louis Cauchy: Cours d'Analyse: Equations différentielles ordinaires et aux dérivées partielles (1824) 
The Adams-Bashforth multistep-method as well as the Adams–Moulton methods are described here
Carl Runge: Über die numerische Auflösung von Differentialgleichungen, Math. Ann. 46 (1895) 167-178
W. Kutta: Beitrag zur näherungsweisen Integration totaler Differentialgleichungen, Z. Math. Phys. 46 (1901) 435-453. (Remark: The name is Martin Wilhelm Kutta, the correct year is 1901.)
Lewis Fry Richardson: The approximate arithmetical solution by finite differences of physical
problems involving differential equations,with an application to the stresses in a masonry dam Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London Ser. A 210 (1910) 307–57
Of interest in this connection is also E.J. Nyström: Über die numerische Integration von Differentialgleichungen, Acta Soc. Sci. Fennicae 50, 13 (1925) 55
Charles F. Curtiss and Joseph Oakland Hirschfelder: Integration of stiff equations, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 38,3 (1952) 235–243
