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Question. Does there exist an entire function $h$ satisfying three following assertions:

  • $h$ belongs to the $H^2$ Hardy space in every horizontal upper half-plane;
  • $zh - 1$ belongs to $H^2(\mathbb{C}_+)$, where $\mathbb{C}_+ = \{\text{Im}(z) > 0\}$;
  • $h$ has infinitely many zeroes in some horizontal strip $\{\text{Im}(z) \in [y_1, y_2] \}$?

Does the answer change if we additionally assume that $h$ is of finite order?

On the first assertion. Assume that the function $H$ belongs to the Hardy space in every upper horizontal half-plane. and let $G = \mathcal{F}H\in L^2[0, +\infty)$. In terms of $G$ the first assertion is equivalent to the fact that $G e^{\delta x}\in L^2[0, \infty)$ for every $\delta > 0$ and $H(z) = \int_0^{\infty} G(x)e^{izx}dx$ for all $z\in \mathbb{C}$.

In this situation $G$ can be expressed as $G = G_1 + G_2$ where $G_1\in C^1[0,\gamma]$ for some $\gamma > 0$ and $\|G_2\|_{L^1[0,\infty)} < \varepsilon$. Via this decomposition one can show that $H(z)$ tends to $0$ as $|z|\to \infty$ uniformly in every horizontal strip (consequently $H(z) = w$ has only finitely many roots for all $\omega\in \mathbb{C}\setminus\{0\}$).

Construction attempts. To fulfil the first two assertions one can take function $H$ from the previous paragraph and put $h = (1 + H)/(z - z_0)$ where $H(z_0)= -1$. However in this situation $h(z) = 0 \Longleftrightarrow H(z) = -1$, which has only a finite number of roots in any horizontal half-plane.

Furthermore, by the Paley-Wiener theorem, the third assertion cannot hold if $\mathcal{F}h$ has a compact support.

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Let $$f(z)=\frac{e^{iz}-1}{iz}.$$ This function is in the Hardy class for any upper half-plane, and has these properties: $f(0)=1,$ $f(2\pi n)=0$, $$|f(z)|\leq C\frac{e^y+1}{|z|+1},$$ (this evidently holds for large and small $|z|$, therefore there is a constant $C$ so that this holds everywhere).

Since the $L^2$ norm has the property $\| f(kx)\|^2=\| f(x)\|^2/k,$ and the norm is invariant under real translations, the following function $g$ belongs to the Hardy spaces for upper half-planes: $$g(z)=\sum_{n=0}^\infty f(n^2(z-a_n)),$$ where $a_n\in\{2\pi k: k\in {\mathbf{Z}}\}$. Moreover, it is entire, if the sequence $a_n$ grows fast enough. (It follows from the estimate for $f$ that the series is uniformly convergent on any compact subset of the plane). Now $g(a_n)=1$, so $h(z)=(g(z-i)-1)/(z-i)$, where has all properties that you required.

Some extra labor is needed to show that $h$ can be made of finite order.

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  • $\begingroup$ It's not clear to me why $zh-1=(zg-2z+z_0)/(z-z_0)\in H^2$; in fact, it seems this never holds. $\endgroup$ Commented Feb 12, 2023 at 17:58
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    $\begingroup$ @Christian Remling: I corrected. $\endgroup$ Commented Feb 12, 2023 at 18:14
  • $\begingroup$ Sorry, I don't see how this addresses my comment: If $z_0$ is in the lower half plane (for convenience), then of the three terms of $zh-1$ as written in my comment, the first and last are in $H^2$, while the second isn't. $\endgroup$ Commented Feb 12, 2023 at 18:19
  • $\begingroup$ Take $z_0$ in the upper half-plane. $\endgroup$ Commented Feb 12, 2023 at 20:16
  • $\begingroup$ In this situation $zh + 1 = (gz - z_0)/(z - z_0)$ is in $H^2$ $\endgroup$ Commented Feb 12, 2023 at 20:20

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