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A fusion ring $\mathcal{F}$ is given by a finite set $B = \{b_1,b_2, \dots, b_r \}$ such that $b_i b_j = \sum_k n_{i,j}^k b_k$ with $n_{i,j}^k \in \mathbb{Z}_{\ge 0}$, satisfying axioms slightly augmenting the group axioms (see the details here).

The fusion ring $\mathcal{F}$ is called noncommutative if $\exists i,j$ with $b_ib_j\neq b_jb_i$. A fusion subring is given by a subset $B_S=\{b_s \ | \ s \in S\} \subseteq B$ with $1 \in S = S^*$ and $\forall i,j \in S$ then $n_{i,j}^k \neq 0$ only if $k \in S$. It is called simple when every fusion subring is given by the subset $\{b_1\}$ or $B$. Let $G$ be a finite group, then the Grothendieck ring of $Rep(G)$ is simple (as fusion ring) if and only if $G$ is simple.

Question: Is there a noncommutative simple fusion ring?


Investigation

According to this post, a noncommutative fusion ring must be of rank at least $5$, and at rank exactly $5$, we can assume: $2^*=3$, $4^*=4$ and $5^*=5$. A brute-force computation shows that at multiplicity at most three, there is a unique simple example (upto equiv.):
$$\begin{smallmatrix}1&0&0&0&0\\0&1&0&0&0\\0&0&1&0&0\\0&0&0&1&0\\0&0&0&0&1\end{smallmatrix} , \ \begin{smallmatrix}0&1&0&0&0\\0&0&1&1&0\\1&0&0&0&1\\0&0&1&0&1\\0&1&0&1&1\end{smallmatrix} , \ \begin{smallmatrix}0&0&1&0&0\\1&0&0&0&1\\0&1&0&1&0\\0&1&0&0&1\\0&0&1&1&1\end{smallmatrix} , \ \begin{smallmatrix}0&0&0&1&0\\0&0&1&0&1\\0&1&0&0&1\\1&0&0&1&1\\0&1&1&1&1\end{smallmatrix} , \ \begin{smallmatrix}0&0&0&0&1\\0&1&0&1&1\\0&0&1&1&1\\0&1&1&1&1\\1&1&1&1&2\end{smallmatrix}$$ but it is commutative. Note that $[d(b_1),d(b_2),d(b_3),d(b_4),d(b_5)] =[1,\alpha,\alpha,\beta,\gamma]$ with:

  • $\alpha =1+2cos(2\pi/7) \simeq 2.246979603\dots$,
  • $\beta =1-2cos(6\pi/7) \simeq 2.801937735\dots$,
  • $\gamma =\alpha+\beta-1 \simeq 4.048917339\dots$,
  • so that: $gdim:=\sum_i d(b_i)^2 \simeq 36.65039990\dots$,

moreover, it is of Frobenius type and satisfies Schur Product Property.

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3 Answers 3

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The fusion ring of one of the even parts of Extended Haagerup will work (see Appendix A of our paper). It has rank 8, and you can see that $AB \neq BA$. Surely there's less complicated examples though.

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  • $\begingroup$ Do you expect the existence of an integral example? $\endgroup$ Dec 16, 2019 at 3:41
  • $\begingroup$ I’d expect there would be integral ones, my feeling is that once the multiplicities are allowed to be large there should be lots of fusion rings. $\endgroup$ Dec 16, 2019 at 4:24
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According to this paper (by Grossman-Morrison-Penneys-Peters-Snyder) the Morita equivalence class of the Extended Haagerup fusion category EH2 (the one mentioned in Noah's answer) contains exactly four fusion categories denoted EH1, EH2, EH3, EH4 (see the explicit fusion rules below). They are all simple of rank in $\{6,8\}$ and multiplicity in $\{4,7\}$, and the (three) ones of rank $8$ are also noncommutative (with Grothendieck ring generating the $\mathbb{C}$-algebra $\mathbb{C}^4 \oplus M_2(\mathbb{C}))$.

enter image description here

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Here are three new simple noncommutative fusion rings due to Gert Vercleyen and Joost Slingerland: enter image description here of rank $6$ and multiplicity $6,7,8$ resp., coming from the dataset attached to the following paper:

G. Vercleyen, J. Slingerland, On Low Rank Fusion Rings, arXiv:2205.15637,

containing a total of $28451$ fusion rings, classified according to rank and multiplicity, and the following table:

enter image description here

Note that the three Extended Haagerup simple noncommutative fusion rings mentioned in an other answer, together with the three ones above, are the only simple noncommutative fusion rings known (to me), very rare!

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