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Suppose that $X$ is a complex algebraic variety, i.e. it is integral, separated, and of finite-type over $\mathbb{C}$. Let $\mathfrak{g}$ be a finite-dimensional complex Lie algebra.

Suppose that $\mathfrak{g}$ acts on $X$, i.e. we have a homomorphism $\phi:\mathfrak{g}\to \mathrm{Vec}(X)$, where $\mathrm{Vec}(X)$ is the Lie algebra of vector fields on $X$. Suppose further that for every closed point $x\in X$, the canonical morphism $$ \mathfrak{g}\to T_xX$$ is surjective. This should be the way to say the action is 'homogeneous'. My question is: does this imply $X$ is smooth? Or at least that the tangent sheaf is locally free? Feel free to assume $X$ is, say, normal if that is necessary.

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    $\begingroup$ Lie algebra of which vector fields? polynomial? holomorphic?... $\endgroup$
    – YCor
    Nov 8, 2018 at 5:37
  • $\begingroup$ Polynomial vector fields. By $\text{Vec}(X)$ I simply mean the global sections of the tangent sheaf of $X$, where the tangent sheaf is the coherent sheaf whose sections on an affine open $U=\text{Spec}(A)$ are the derivations of the algebra $A$. $\endgroup$ Nov 8, 2018 at 16:46
  • $\begingroup$ Crossposted at MSE. $\endgroup$ Nov 9, 2018 at 23:17

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It seems to me that the answer should be positive.

Suppose by contradiction, that there is a singular point $x\in X$. Let us take an affine neighbourhood $U$ of $x$. Let $f_1,\ldots, f_n$ be the regular functions that generate the ring of functions on $U$. This functions give us an embedding $\varphi: U\to \mathbb C^n$ and the lie algebra action on $U$ lifts to an action on $\mathbb C^n$. Now, locally (say in analytic topology) this action should preserve $\varphi(U)$. But this is a contradiction. Indeed, take at $x$ a vector $v$ that lies in the tangent space to $\varphi(U)$ at $x$, but not in the tangent cone. Then by our assumptions there should exist a vector field whose local flow close to $\varphi(x)$ preserves $\varphi(U)$ and which is equal to $v$ at $x$. But such a field clearly can not preserve $\varphi(U)$ since it pushes $x$ out of $\varphi(U)$, contradiction.

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  • $\begingroup$ Thanks for your answer! Can you define the tangent cone? I've never seen it before and can't find a definition. Thanks. $\endgroup$ Nov 14, 2018 at 1:21
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    $\begingroup$ You are welcome! Here is one definition: encyclopediaofmath.org/index.php/Tangent_cone $\endgroup$ Nov 14, 2018 at 10:51
  • $\begingroup$ Wow thank you I clearly was not putting much effort into my googling the first time around lol. $\endgroup$ Nov 15, 2018 at 1:27
  • $\begingroup$ So it seems from your proof that the following more general statement should be true: a variety is smooth if and only if at every point every tangent vector can be lifted to a vector field in some open neighborhood of that point. Your argument would carry through in the same way. Am I understanding this correctly? $\endgroup$ Nov 15, 2018 at 3:57
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    $\begingroup$ Yes, it seems so (say, for safety one sticks to the class of varieties that you have chosen) $\endgroup$ Nov 15, 2018 at 9:13

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