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Consider a family of metrics and functions $(g(t), u(t))$ on $M:= \mathbb{R}^3 \setminus B_1$ satisfying $$ g(0) = g_0, \quad g'(0) = \tilde g, \quad u(0) = u_0, \quad u'(0) = \tilde u$$ where $g_0$, $\tilde g$ are fixed metrics on $M$ and $u_0$, $\tilde u$ are fixed functions on $M$.

Is there an easy way to compute things like:

$$\left.\frac{d}{dt}\right|_{t=0} \Delta_{g(t)}u(t)$$ $$\left.\frac{d}{dt}\right|_{t=0} A_{g(t)}$$ $$\left.\frac{d}{dt}\right|_{t=0} tr_{g(t)} A$$ $$\left.\frac{d}{dt}\right|_{t=0}\nu_{g(t)} \cdot \nabla_{g(t)}u(t)$$ $$\left.\frac{d}{dt}\right|_{t=0} Hess_{g(t)} u(t) $$ where $A_{g(t)}$ is the second fundamental form on the sphere $S_r$ of radius $r$, and $\nu_{g(t)}$ is the normal unit outward vector field on $S_r$ with respect to $g(t)$.

I am having a very hard time doing this. It's getting very messy and I am not trusting my computations. Is there a book or reference that does things like that?

Any help or reference is appreciated.

(You can suppose that $g_0$ takes the from $dr^2 + h(r)^2 \sigma$ where $\sigma$ is the round metric on $S^2$ and $h$ is some positive function. )

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    $\begingroup$ if I remember correctly (though I could be wrong), you may be able to find these formulas perhaps in Besse's "Einstein manifolds". If not, then you would probably find them in a textbook on the Ricci flow. $\endgroup$
    – Malkoun
    Commented Dec 7, 2020 at 3:14
  • $\begingroup$ Thank you. I had a look at Besse and some books on Ricci flow. I couldn't find the variation of the second fundamental form and $\Delta_{g(t)}u(t)$. $\endgroup$
    – Laithy
    Commented Dec 7, 2020 at 6:27
  • $\begingroup$ ok, sorry about that. I have a small remark, that $\tilde{g}$ need not be positive-definite in general. $\endgroup$
    – Malkoun
    Commented Dec 7, 2020 at 12:30
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    $\begingroup$ The calculations for the Ricci and mean curvature flows provide good guides on how to do the calculations. $\endgroup$
    – Deane Yang
    Commented Dec 7, 2020 at 14:05
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    $\begingroup$ Topping's lecture notes on Ricci flow are useful for this sort of thing (I dont think they have all the calculations you want though). $\endgroup$ Commented Dec 8, 2020 at 2:37

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