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Assume that $M$ is a complex manifold.

Let $G$ be the group of all (real) smooth diffeomorphisms $\phi$ of $M$ such that $\phi^* (X)$ is a holomorphic vector field for all holomorphic vector fields $X$ on $M$. Is $G$ a finite dimensional Lie group?(With respect to a natural smooth structure on $G$).

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    $\begingroup$ Do you mean globally defined holomorphic vector fields? Many complex manifolds only have one globally defined holomorphic vector field: 0. For example, any compact Riemann surface of genus 2 or more. In that case, your group $G$ is the group of all diffeomorphisms, not a Lie group. $\endgroup$
    – Ben McKay
    Commented Sep 10, 2017 at 6:29
  • $\begingroup$ @BenMcKay Thnks for your comment. Yes I mean global vector fields.What is a reference for the fact you mentioned for genus 2? Moreover what is the structure of $G$ when $M=\mathbb{C}$? $\endgroup$ Commented Sep 10, 2017 at 6:46
  • $\begingroup$ Or $M$ is an open set in the complex plane? For $M=\mathbb{C}$ is there a diffeomorphism different from $az+b$ or $a\bar{z}+b$? $\endgroup$ Commented Sep 10, 2017 at 6:54
  • $\begingroup$ @BenMcKay Is there a complex manifold for which $G$ is small for example the G action is not transitive? $\endgroup$ Commented Sep 10, 2017 at 7:39
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    $\begingroup$ Hurwitz's theorem states that for a Riemann surface of genus 2 or more, the size of its full automorphism group is no greater than 84(g-1). Any non-trivial holomorphic flow consists of infinitely many automorphisms, so cannot exist on a higher genus Riemann surface. $\endgroup$ Commented Oct 20, 2019 at 5:59

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Take complex vector space $V$, say of complex dimension $n$. Take a complex linear map $A \colon V \to V$ whose eigenvalues $\lambda$ all satisfy $|\lambda|>1$. The group generated by $A$ acts on $V-0$ freely and properly, with quotient a compact complex manifold $M=(V-0)/(z \sim Az)$, called a primary Hopf manifold. The group of linear transformations commuting with $A$ acts on $V$, transitively on a dense open set. These linear transformations descend to biholomorphisms of $M$. Any holomorphic vector field on $M$ lifts to a holomorphic vector field $v \colon V-0 \to V$ commuting with $A$. By Hartogs extension theorem, $v$ extends to a holomorphic map $v \colon V \to V$. Expand in a Taylor series, and apply $A$-invariance, to prove that $v$ is linear. Hence the biholomorphism group of $M$ is the group of linear transformations commuting with $A$. This group preserves the generalized eigenspaces of $A$, so these project to submanifolds of $M$ which are invariant under all holomorphic vector fields. Your group $G$ preserves the holomorphic vector fields, and therefore preserves their orbits, the images of the generalized eigenspaces. So $G$ is not compact, since it contains the invertible linear transformations commuting with $A$. But $G$ acts transitively only on a dense open set, and not on all of $M$.

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  • $\begingroup$ Dear Ben Thank you so much for this very interesting answer. $\endgroup$ Commented Sep 11, 2017 at 5:58

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