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Let $G$ be a locally compact group, and let $N$ be a closed, normal subgroup, and let $\pi\colon G\to G/N$ be the quotient homomorphism. It is known that there exists a Borel cross section, i.e., a measurable map $\sigma\colon G/N\to G$ such that $\pi\circ\sigma=\mathrm{id}_{G/N}$. Moreover, the Borel cross section can be chosen locally bounded, i.e., for every compact subset $K\subset G/N$, the set $\sigma(K)$ has compact closure in $G$.

Consider the $2$-cocycle $\omega\colon G\times G/N \to N$ defined by the equality $$ \sigma(gx)\omega(g,x)=g\sigma(x) $$ for all $g\in G$ and $x\in G/N$.

Question: Given a compact subset $K$ of $G$, can $\sigma$ be chosen such that the set $\omega(K\times G/N)$ has compact closure in $G$?

Some remarks:

  1. The answer is `yes' in any of the following three cases: If $N$ is compact, or if $G/N$ is compact, or if $G$ is a semidirect product of $N$ and $G/N$.

  2. I would interpret a positive answer to the question as saying that $G$ is a `coarsely trivial' bundle over $G/N$.

Edit 03.03.2015: Logical error in question fixed. The section $\sigma$ may depend on the compact subset $K$.

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No, contrary to what you said, it is not always possible, even if $G$ is a semidirect product. Let us fix some $g \in N$, so $\sigma(gx) = \sigma(x)$ for all $x$. Then $\sigma(x)^{-1} g \sigma(x) = \omega(g,x)$ is a bounded function of $x$. It is easy to construct a counterexample to this, by arranging for the conjugacy class of $g$ to be unbounded. For example, let $G = \mathbb{R}^\times \ltimes \mathbb{R}$ be the $ax + b$ group with $N = \{(1,*)\}$ and take $g = (0,1)$. To eliminate this type of counterexample, you could replace $g$ on the right-hand side of your equation with $\sigma(g)$.


Here is a different type of counterexample (not a semidirect product). Let $N$ be the center of the discrete Heisenberg group: $$ N = \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0 & \mathbb{Z} \\ 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{bmatrix} \subset \begin{bmatrix} 1 & \mathbb{Z} & \mathbb{Z} \\ 0 & 1 & \mathbb{Z} \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \end{bmatrix} = G .$$ Let $\{a,b\}$ be a generating set of $G$, let $K = \{a,b,a^{-1},b^{-1}\}$, and let $z = [a,b] = a^{-1} b^{-1} a b \in N$. Then $$ z^{n^2} \sigma(1 \cdot N) = a^{-n} b^{-n} a^n b^n \, \sigma(1 \cdot N) = \sigma (a^{-n} b^{-n} a^n b^n \cdot N) \cdot \prod_{i=1}^{4n} \omega( s_i, x_i ) = \sigma (1 \cdot N) \cdot \prod_{i=1}^{4n} \omega( s_i, x_i ) ,$$ since $a^{-n} b^{-n} a^n b^n = z^{n^2} \in N$, where each $s_i$ is in $K$ and $x_i = s_{i-1} s_{i-1} \cdots s_1 N$. The exponent of $z$ on the left-hand side is a quadratic function of $n$, and the right-hand side has only linearly many terms in its product, so $\omega( s_i, x_i )$ cannot be a bounded element of $N$.

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  • $\begingroup$ Dear Dave, thank you for your answer. The reason I was thinking that semidirect products work is that I thought the cocycle records how far $\sigma(xy)$ is from $\sigma(x)\sigma(y)$ for $x,y\in G/N$. I understand now that the cocycle is in fact not recording this. Let us therefore consider $\alpha\colon G/N\times G/N\to N$ defined by the formula $\sigma(xy)\alpha(x,y)=\sigma(x)\sigma(y)$. Then, I should have asked my question for $\alpha$: Given a compact subset $K$ of $G/N$, can $\sigma$ be chosen s.t. $\alpha(K\times G/N)$ is pre-compact. Then the answer is 'yes' for semidirect products. $\endgroup$ Commented Mar 3, 2015 at 8:34
  • $\begingroup$ Do you know if there is also a counterexample to the modified question of the comment above? $\endgroup$ Commented Mar 3, 2015 at 8:43
  • $\begingroup$ Hannes, I think the discrete Heisenberg group (my 2nd example) is a counterexample for your modified question. Since $\sigma(s)$ must differ from $s$ by an element of $N$, which is in the center, we have $\sigma(a)^{-n} \sigma(b)^{-n} \sigma(a)^n \sigma(b)^n = a^{-n} b^{-n} a^n b^n$, so essentially the same calculation, but with $\sigma(a)$ and $\sigma(b)$ in the place of $a$ and $b$, shows $$ z^{n^2} \sigma(1 \cdot N) = \sigma(1 \cdot N) \cdot \prod_{i=1}^{4n} \alpha(s_i, x_i) .$$ So $\alpha(s_i, x_i)$ cannot be bounded. $\endgroup$ Commented Mar 3, 2015 at 9:24

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