Let $K$ be a field and $A$ the associative unital $K$-algebra of all $n\times n$ upper triangular matrices with entries in $K$. What is $\dim_K$ of its hochschild homology $HH_k(A;A)$?
Is there any software to compute Hochschild homology?
$\begingroup$
$\endgroup$
3
-
1$\begingroup$ See also Loday, Cyclic Homology, Theorem 1.2.15 $\endgroup$– Dag Oskar MadsenCommented Mar 7, 2014 at 18:48
-
$\begingroup$ @DagOskarMadsen: Yes, but that only deals with case $n=2$. $\endgroup$– LeoCommented Mar 7, 2014 at 18:56
-
4$\begingroup$ If $A_n$ is the algebra of all $n \times n$ upper triangular matrices, then $A_{n+1}=\begin{pmatrix} A_n & K^n\\ 0 &K \end{pmatrix}$ $\endgroup$– Dag Oskar MadsenCommented Mar 7, 2014 at 23:12
Add a comment
|
2 Answers
$\begingroup$
$\endgroup$
6
Sasha's argument is pretty technological. You can really do this almost by hand, though.
Let $A$ be the algebra in question, let $r$ be its Jacobson radical (that is, the subspace of strictly upper triangular matrices), and let $E$ be the subalgebra of the diagonal matrices in $A$ (which is a complement to $r$) Notice that both $A$ and $r$ are $E$-bimodules.
The algebra $A$ has a projective resolution as a bimodule of the form $A\otimes_E r^{\otimes_E *}\otimes_E A$ which looks exactly like the Hochschild resolution but the inner copies of $A$ have been replaced by $r$, and all tensor products involved are over $E$ and not over the base field; the differentials in the complex have exactly the same formula as the usual Hochschild differential. This can be checked easily —it is a nice exercise— but you can find the details in a nice paper by Claude Cibils on square-zero algebras, if I recall correctly. (This is like the reduced Hochschild resolution, but instead of killing the copy of $k$ inside $A$, we kill the whole of $E$; almost anything useful that one wants to do equires that we be aware of this complex, so it is important to keep it at hand)
Now, $HH_*(A)$ is $Tor^{A^e}_*(A,A)$, so it can be computed as the homology of the complex obtained from $A\otimes_E r^{\otimes_E *}\otimes_E A$ by applying the functor $A\otimes_{A^e}(\mathord-)$. You should explicitly describe this complex: its only non-zero term is the $0$th one, so its homology is very, very easy to compute!
(The same thing can be done for every triangular algebra, that is, every algebra whose ordinary quiver is acyclic)
There are various programs people have written to compute Hochschild homology and cohomology; for example, I understand that Ed Green and his students have written code to do non-comm. Groebner bases on quotients of paths algebras and, probably, to compute (co)homology, and there are others (I have written code to handle very special cases, for example) I am not aware of any other approach apart from «try to be smart about n.c. Groebner bases, work hard for a minimal resolution, and then just do linear algebra.» The first step is pretty well understood for quotients of path algebras, say; the second one can be don algorithmically, I think; the third one is of course very well understood. In practice, interesting examples tend to result in huuuuge computations, and the result is somewhat unenlightening.
answered Mar 7, 2014 at 19:40
-
$\begingroup$ Morally, the complex which computes $HH_*(A)$, starting from the resolution above, only sees cycles in the quiver, so if there are none of them, it is very easy to handle. Now, if there are cycles, there be dragons! :-) $\endgroup$ Commented Mar 7, 2014 at 19:42
-
$\begingroup$ Any concrete examples of families of (commutative or noncommutative) finite-dimensional $K$-algebras which have a clear $K$-module basis but $HH_\ast$ has not yet been computed? I need good examples to try and test Algebraic Morse Theory (eventually for an article), but I'm not familiar with the state-of-the-art. BTW, what is the best literature for $HH$, besides Weibel or Loday? $\endgroup$– LeoCommented Mar 8, 2014 at 0:27
-
1$\begingroup$ @LeonLampret One important result is that if the algebra $A$ is of finite global dimension, then (with some mild assumptions) $HH_{\ast}(A)$ is concentrated in degree $0$ by Proposition 2.5 in [Keller, Bernhard. Invariance and localization for cyclic homology of DG algebras. J. Pure Appl. Algebra 123 (1998), no. 1-3, 223--273.] $\endgroup$ Commented Mar 8, 2014 at 0:56
-
1$\begingroup$ One significant assumption for the result Dag mentions is that the algebra be finite dimensional, iirc. $\endgroup$ Commented Mar 9, 2014 at 9:48
-
2$\begingroup$ Yes, that is an important assumption, we have for instance $HH_1(K[X]) \neq 0$ although $gldim(K[X])=1 < \infty$. $\endgroup$ Commented Mar 9, 2014 at 11:32
$\begingroup$
$\endgroup$
3
This is the same as Hochschild homology of the derived category of $A$-modules. The derived category has a semiorthogonal decomposition into $n$ components equivalent to the derived category of $K$-modules each. Hochschild homology is additive for semiorthogonal decompositions. Thus $HH_\bullet(A) = K^n$, everything sits in degree $0$.
-
$\begingroup$ What about software for computing? Are there any other families of $K$-algebras for which $HH$ hasn't yet been computed, but which have a clear $K$-module basis? $\endgroup$– LeoCommented Mar 7, 2014 at 18:53
-
$\begingroup$ Also, do you have any reference for "same as Hochschild homology of the derived category of A-modules" claim? $\endgroup$– LeoCommented Mar 7, 2014 at 18:56
-
3$\begingroup$ @LeonLampret, HH has not been computed for most algebras, in fact :-) $\endgroup$ Commented Mar 7, 2014 at 19:33