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Feb 27, 2012 at 10:10 history closed Will Jagy
Yemon Choi
Andrew Stacey
S. Carnahan
too localized
Feb 27, 2012 at 9:16 comment added Federico Poloni I really do not know where this habit of using $A^T$ or $A'$ where $A$ is symmetric comes from...
Feb 27, 2012 at 8:10 comment added Will Jagy @Yemon, if I leave my mouse arrow resting on either unknown google, at the bottom of my browser it shows the user number, 1894 for one and 21740 for the OP. I am 3324 and you are 763, so 1894 started long after you but long before i did. Also, Gordon Pall used quaternions to parametrize $SO_3 \mathbb Q,$ from what I can see his recipe can always be rearranged by permutations to be a symmetric orthogonal matrix. I think his recipe is essentially the same thing they use for computer graphics now.
Feb 27, 2012 at 7:37 comment added Yemon Choi To the OP: do you want all solutions, or just a possible solution? Are you perhaps also assuming P is positive?
Feb 27, 2012 at 7:35 comment added Yemon Choi There seem to be two unknown (google)s in this discussion. Could at least one of you please take a moment to choose a pseudonym, or better still your actual name?
Feb 27, 2012 at 7:35 answer added Denis Serre timeline score: 3
Feb 27, 2012 at 7:18 comment added Chua KS The converse of Will's observation also holds: ie. if $A$ is nonsingular, and $P=A_1^TA_1=A_2^TA_2$, then $R=A_2A_1^{-1}=R^T$ is orthogonal and $A_2=RA_1$. In this case if you think of the Euclidean lattice generated by the columns of $A$, then $P=A^TA$ is the Gram matrix (the quadratic form) and this just say that the Gram matrix determines the lattice upto a rotation. But this does not answer the question, after finding $P=A^TA$ by Cholesky, we know all solutions are given by $RA, R \in O(N)$, some of the $R$ will make $RA$ symmetric.
Feb 27, 2012 at 6:37 comment added Yemon Choi There can be many different looking symmetric matrices, each of whose square is the identity matrix.
Feb 27, 2012 at 6:19 comment added user21740 I apologize - the original question was formulated poorly. The matrix A is symmetric as well.
Feb 27, 2012 at 6:15 history edited user21740 CC BY-SA 3.0
deleted 50 characters in body
Feb 27, 2012 at 6:13 comment added Will Jagy You cannot estimate $A.$ Suppose $A$ is the Cholesky decomposition of $P,$ which is easy to compute and numerically stable. Then, given any orthogonal matrix $R,$ meaning $R^T \; R = I,$ then consider $B = R A.$ We get $$B^T \; B = (RA)^T \; R A = A^T \; R^T \; R \; A = A^T \; I \; A = P. $$
Feb 27, 2012 at 6:02 history edited Andrés E. Caicedo CC BY-SA 3.0
added 13 characters in body; edited title
Feb 27, 2012 at 6:01 comment added Yoav Kallus Look up Cholesky decomposition
Feb 27, 2012 at 5:57 history asked user21740 CC BY-SA 3.0