Imagine we are making necklaces with $n$ beads, each bead is a different color from all others. Let's say we make one necklace. If we make another necklace with the same $n$ differently colored beads, choosing each bead at random, what is the chance that exactly $k$ of the $n$ nearest neighbor pairs of beads from the original necklace will also be nearest neighbors in the nextsecond necklace?
Similarly, what aboutconsider $n$ people sitting at a circular table in the morning andstanding in the eveninga queue. How many pairs of people sittingstanding next to each other in the morningfirst queue will also sitstand next to each other in the eveninga second queue, if the placements are reordered completely randomly? What is the form of $A(n,k)$, the number of ways to arrange the people such that exactly $k$ of the original $n$ are still neighbors?
I am interested in counting the number of these pairs as a function of $n$ in $S_{n}$ and certain subgroups. A generating function giving the fraction of the permutations having $i={0,1,2,..n}$ shared adjacent pairs would be particularly interesting to me, but terminology, references or general guidance might be more helpful so I could pursue this further on my own.