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Jan 30, 2012 at 10:41 comment added Jesper Grodal The problem of exactly which polynomial rings can be realized was known as the Steenrod problem, and has a complete solution. It turns out that e.g., for algebras over Z/2 the only ones possible are those arising form classifying spaces of compact Lie groups, and one extra one with generators in degree 15, 14, 12, and 8 related to the exotic 2-compact group DI(4). See "The Steenrod problem of realizing polynomial cohomology rings. J. Topology 1 (2008), 747-760" and "The classification of 2-compact groups. J. Amer. Math. Soc. 22 (2009), 387-436" for much more info.
Jan 24, 2012 at 4:04 vote accept Will Sawin
Jan 24, 2012 at 2:23 comment added Tom Goodwillie A polynomial ring on one generator in dimension $3$ is impossible. In fact, the squaring map $H^3\to H^6$ in mod $2$ cohomology must be zero if $H^5=0$ because (1) for $x\in H^n$ with mod $2$ coefficients the Steenrod square $Sq^nx$ is the cup product $x\cup x$ and (2) $Sq^3=Sq^1\circ Sq^2$.
Jan 24, 2012 at 2:01 comment added Will Sawin Which ones aren't, and why? A reference would of course work as well.
Jan 24, 2012 at 0:27 history answered Peter May CC BY-SA 3.0