I can't believe that Python and its vast scientific application libraries are not mentioned in this thread. Let me be little bit bias and mention projects like PyDSTool. What makes Maple or Mathematica language simpler than Python? Similarly time proven but proprietary computer algebra system MuPad now a part of MATLAB is not mentioned. FreeMat, the cleanest (other two being GNU Octabe and Scilab) reimplementation of MATLAB API, is also not mentioned. PostScript, page description language (arguably proprietary), is not mentioned. It is wonderful language for teaching geometry and programming pictures.
P.S. I was surprised that people even mentioned things like Maple and Mathematica. I personally have not meet a person who had a picklook at the source code of these two systems. However, I have friends who have worked for MathWorks and have seen the source code of MATLAB.