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Dec 3, 2011 at 9:32 vote accept Eric Naslund
Dec 3, 2011 at 9:26 comment added Alan Haynes @Greg Your second comment is relevant but not as crucial. Certainly if you have an odd character then what I said about the symmetry is true. Otherwise you can still argue the same way- the worst case scenario is to have as many −1's as possible, but by orthogonality this can be at most 1/2 of the residue classes. I'll edit this to make it (hopefully) correct. Thanks for your comments, it is a fun problem.
Dec 3, 2011 at 9:23 history edited Alan Haynes CC BY-SA 3.0
Incorporated Greg's comments
Dec 3, 2011 at 9:19 comment added Alan Haynes I agree with your first comment- I thought about that before I went to sleep last night and I think you are correct. I believe what you claim, but would you mind explaining how to construct a Dirichlet character with the property you mention?
Dec 3, 2011 at 9:16 history edited Alan Haynes CC BY-SA 3.0
added 264 characters in body
Dec 3, 2011 at 8:33 vote accept Eric Naslund
Dec 3, 2011 at 9:30
Dec 3, 2011 at 8:20 comment added Greg Martin (Also I don't understand what you mean by "the values of $\chi(d)$ are symmetric about the imaginary axis". If $\chi$ is a cubic character then its values are $-\frac12\pm\frac{\sqrt{3}}2i$ and $1$, which does not have that symmetry; the same is true of any odd-order character.)
Dec 3, 2011 at 8:18 comment added Greg Martin One needs to be careful here. I think this is a valid proof that $\phi_\chi(n)/n \ll_\chi \sqrt{\log\log n}$; however, the implicit constant will depend upon $\chi$. Given $n$, one can find a Dirichlet character $\chi$ such that all the small primes $p$ have $\chi(p)=-1$. The resulting construction shows that no bound better than $\phi_\chi(n)/n \ll \log\log n$ can hold uniformly over $n$ and $\chi$.
Dec 3, 2011 at 7:17 vote accept Eric Naslund
Dec 3, 2011 at 8:20
Dec 2, 2011 at 23:51 history edited Alan Haynes CC BY-SA 3.0
Minor touch-ups and clarification
Dec 2, 2011 at 23:21 history edited Alan Haynes CC BY-SA 3.0
added 68 characters in body
Dec 2, 2011 at 22:49 history answered Alan Haynes CC BY-SA 3.0