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Oct 29, 2011 at 15:16 comment added Kevin Buzzard I'm no expert, but I suspect that the reason that the class numbers seem, vaguely, to be going "big small big small..." alternately in the Mersenne list is that, when $n=2m$ is even, you get a unit $u=2^m+x$ of about as small a height as you could ever hope for, which makes the regulator small so the class group has to be big by Brauer-Siegel.
Oct 29, 2011 at 13:57 comment added Damian Rössler The Brauer-Siegel theorem gives some information on the asymptotics of the class number in this situation ( see en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brauer-Siegel_theorem ). Note that to apply it in your situation, you would have to get some hold on the regulators of your sequence of quadratics fields.
Oct 29, 2011 at 13:41 history edited joro CC BY-SA 3.0
Added Mersenne numbers
Oct 29, 2011 at 13:14 history asked joro CC BY-SA 3.0