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Oct 9, 2011 at 6:22 comment added Dan Petersen @Greg: If $X$ is smooth and proper over the integers, this is the main theorem of the paper of van den Bogaart and Edixhoven.
Oct 9, 2011 at 0:17 comment added Greg Kuperberg So suppose that $X$ is a polynomial-count scheme over $\mathbb{Z}$ with respect to finite-field specializations. Is it necessarily also polynomial count in the valuation Euler characteristic sense for $\mathbb{C}$ and $\mathbb{R}$? If in addition, $X(\mathbb{C})$ and/or $X(\mathbb{R})$ is compact, is the polynomial also the Poincaré-Hilbert polynomial of the cohomology as stated?
Oct 8, 2011 at 22:05 comment added Greg Kuperberg BTW, I don't know if Soulé's notes were "published" either, but they are in the arXiv. Three cheers for the arXiv; it turned 20 recently.
Oct 8, 2011 at 21:34 comment added Felipe Voloch The field of one element is more about the number field/function field analogy, which I guess will go wrong eventually but has been very fruitful in number theory and is far from exhausted.
Oct 8, 2011 at 21:22 comment added Greg Kuperberg My impression (which could be fatuous for all I know) is that --- except for the fact that $\mathbb{C}$ has valuation Euler characteristic 1 --- the field with one element can be viewed as a benevolent exercise in self-deception. In the sense that there isn't really any such field and things will go wrong eventually. But maybe my wording was too strong.
Oct 8, 2011 at 21:02 history answered Felipe Voloch CC BY-SA 3.0