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Sep 2, 2011 at 12:41 comment added Qfwfq Maybe Hugo was looking for a completely elementary and self contained proof.
Sep 2, 2011 at 12:37 comment added rita The last statement is a well known fact, have a look at Beauville's book on surfaces, the chapter on birational maps of surfaces.
Sep 2, 2011 at 12:12 vote accept Hugo Chapdelaine
Sep 2, 2011 at 14:10
Sep 2, 2011 at 12:11 comment added Hugo Chapdelaine Of course, one could verify by a local computation that a blow up at one point does not change $h^1(\mathcal{O})$ but then one would have to show that a birational map between $X_1$ and $X_2$ could be obtained by a sequence of blow ups which a priori looks as a more difficult question than the original.
Sep 2, 2011 at 12:10 comment added Hugo Chapdelaine I'm quite happy with your proof but I think there should be a more elementary proof which is self contained. You see the whole point of this question is to come up with a birational invariant and if we assume from the outset that $h^1(\mathcal{O})$ is a birational invariant then it (almost) kills the problem.
Sep 2, 2011 at 8:36 comment added rita @Hugo (continued): there is also a famous rationality criterion by Castelnuovo, that says that a surface $S$ is rational iff $h^1({\mathcal O})=h^0(2K_S)=0$.
Sep 2, 2011 at 6:27 comment added rita @Georges: I've edited and fixed the typos (I hope). Thanks! @Hugo: $h^1({\mathcal O})$ is a birational invariant because by Hodge theory it is equal to $h^0(\Omega^1)
Sep 2, 2011 at 6:21 history edited rita CC BY-SA 3.0
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Sep 2, 2011 at 1:18 comment added Hugo Chapdelaine So I guess the first $X_2$ should read as $X_1$. Is it completely obvious that $h^1(\mathcal{O}_X)$ is a birational invariant? After all $\mathcal{O}_X$ is the sheaf of regular functions on $X$ which a priori could change under birational maps.
Sep 1, 2011 at 21:30 history answered rita CC BY-SA 3.0