'Galois Cohomology'‘Galois Cohomology’ by Larry Washington in Cornell-Silverman-StevensCornell–Silverman–Stevens - Modular forms and Fermat's last theorem is my one stop reference for the eponymous topic. In about twenty pages (and with minimal prerequisites), he introduces Galois cohomology groups, explains Tate Local Duality Theorem and Euler Characteristic, shows the connection between extensions, deformation and cohomology groups, introduces generalized Selmer groups and proves a result that appears in Wiles' proof. Along the way, he also fully explains the Poitou-Tate nine-term exact sequence! Terrific stuff.