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Sándor Kovács
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Let $G$ be a finite group of order $n$ and consider the category $\mathscr G$ with a single object $\{ \cdot \}$$\{ \bullet \}$ and whose morphisms consist of the elements of $G$, i.e., $\mathrm{Hom}_{\mathscr G}(\cdot, \cdot)=G$$\mathrm{Hom}_{\mathscr G}(\bullet, \bullet)=G$.

Let $h^{\cdot}=\mathrm{Hom}_{\mathscr G}(\cdot , {\_} )$$h^{\bullet}=\mathrm{Hom}_{\mathscr G}(\bullet , {\_} )$ be the Yoneda functor. Then according to Yoneda's lemma $$\mathrm{Nat}(h^{\cdot},h^\cdot)\simeq \mathrm{Hom}_{\mathscr G}(\cdot,\cdot),$$$$\mathrm{Nat}(h^{\bullet},h^\bullet)\simeq \mathrm{Hom}_{\mathscr G}(\bullet,\bullet),$$ which implies that $h^\cdot$$h^\bullet$ is a faithful functor. In other words, $$ h^{\cdot} : \mathscr G \to \mathscr Set$$$$ h^{\bullet} : \mathscr G \to \mathscr Set$$ maps $\cdot$$\bullet$ to the set $\mathrm{Hom}_{\mathscr G}(\cdot,\cdot)\simeq_{\mathscr Set} |G|$$\mathrm{Hom}_{\mathscr G}(\bullet,\bullet)\simeq_{\mathscr Set} |G|$ (where $|G|$ is the set of elements of $G$) and also embeds the group (!) $\mathrm{Hom}_{\mathscr G}(\cdot,\cdot)\simeq_{\mathscr Groups} G$$\mathrm{Hom}_{\mathscr G}(\bullet,\bullet)\simeq_{\mathscr Groups} G$ into $\mathrm{Hom}_{\mathscr Set}(|G|,|G|)\simeq S_n$, which gives you Cayley's Theorem.

Let $G$ be a finite group of order $n$ and consider the category $\mathscr G$ with a single object $\{ \cdot \}$ and whose morphisms consist of the elements of $G$, i.e., $\mathrm{Hom}_{\mathscr G}(\cdot, \cdot)=G$.

Let $h^{\cdot}=\mathrm{Hom}_{\mathscr G}(\cdot , {\_} )$ be the Yoneda functor. Then according to Yoneda's lemma $$\mathrm{Nat}(h^{\cdot},h^\cdot)\simeq \mathrm{Hom}_{\mathscr G}(\cdot,\cdot),$$ which implies that $h^\cdot$ is a faithful functor. In other words, $$ h^{\cdot} : \mathscr G \to \mathscr Set$$ maps $\cdot$ to the set $\mathrm{Hom}_{\mathscr G}(\cdot,\cdot)\simeq_{\mathscr Set} |G|$ (where $|G|$ is the set of elements of $G$) and embeds the group (!) $\mathrm{Hom}_{\mathscr G}(\cdot,\cdot)\simeq_{\mathscr Groups} G$ into $\mathrm{Hom}_{\mathscr Set}(|G|,|G|)\simeq S_n$, which gives you Cayley's Theorem.

Let $G$ be a finite group of order $n$ and consider the category $\mathscr G$ with a single object $\{ \bullet \}$ and whose morphisms consist of the elements of $G$, i.e., $\mathrm{Hom}_{\mathscr G}(\bullet, \bullet)=G$.

Let $h^{\bullet}=\mathrm{Hom}_{\mathscr G}(\bullet , {\_} )$ be the Yoneda functor. Then according to Yoneda's lemma $$\mathrm{Nat}(h^{\bullet},h^\bullet)\simeq \mathrm{Hom}_{\mathscr G}(\bullet,\bullet),$$ which implies that $h^\bullet$ is a faithful functor. In other words, $$ h^{\bullet} : \mathscr G \to \mathscr Set$$ maps $\bullet$ to the set $\mathrm{Hom}_{\mathscr G}(\bullet,\bullet)\simeq_{\mathscr Set} |G|$ (where $|G|$ is the set of elements of $G$) and also embeds the group (!) $\mathrm{Hom}_{\mathscr G}(\bullet,\bullet)\simeq_{\mathscr Groups} G$ into $\mathrm{Hom}_{\mathscr Set}(|G|,|G|)\simeq S_n$, which gives you Cayley's Theorem.

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Sándor Kovács
  • 42.9k
  • 2
  • 109
  • 155

Let $G$ be a finite group of order $n$ and consider the category $\mathscr G$ with a single object $\{ \cdot \}$ and whose morphisms consist of the elements of $G$, i.e., $\mathrm{Hom}_{\mathscr G}(\cdot, \cdot)=G$.

Let $h^{\cdot}=\mathrm{Hom}_{\mathscr G}(\cdot , {\_} )$ be the Yoneda functor. Then according to Yoneda's lemma $$\mathrm{Nat}(h^{\cdot},h^\cdot)\simeq \mathrm{Hom}_{\mathscr G}(\cdot,\cdot),$$ which implies that $h^\cdot$ is a faithful functor. In other words, $$ h^{\cdot} : \mathscr G \to \mathscr Set$$ maps $\cdot$ to the set $\mathrm{Hom}_{\mathscr G}(\cdot,\cdot)\simeq_{\mathscr Set} |G|$ (where $|G|$ is the set of elements of $G$) and embeds the group (!) $\mathrm{Hom}_{\mathscr G}(\cdot,\cdot)\simeq_{\mathscr Groups} G$ into $\mathrm{Hom}_{\mathscr Set}(|G|,|G|)\simeq S_n$, which gives you Cayley's Theorem.