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Apr 27, 2011 at 15:31 comment added darij grinberg Oh, and I should have read the OP. Headdesk.
Apr 27, 2011 at 15:27 history edited darij grinberg CC BY-SA 3.0
added 66 characters in body
Apr 27, 2011 at 15:27 comment added darij grinberg You are right about Lemma 2; editing the post.
Apr 27, 2011 at 15:24 comment added darij grinberg Thanks! And Serre gives a very nice strengthening: If the diameter of the tree is even, it has a vertex which is fixed under every automorphism. If the diameter of the tree is odd, it has an edge which is fixed under every automorphism.
Apr 27, 2011 at 15:22 comment added Tom De Medts @darij: Your proof of Lemma 2 looks overly complicated. Here is an easier way to phrase your argument. Let $g$ be an arbitrary automorphism of the tree, and assume that $g$ fixes every vertex at level $n$ but moves some vertex $v$ at level $n+1$. Then the subtrees emanating from $v$ and $vg$ are isomorphic. Hence there is an involution of the tree interchanging the subtrees emanating from $v$ and $vg$, fixing all vertices of level $\leq n$ and also fixing all vertices for which the minimal path to the root does not contain $v$ or $vg$.
Apr 27, 2011 at 15:20 history edited darij grinberg CC BY-SA 3.0
typos fixed
Apr 27, 2011 at 15:12 comment added Tom De Medts A possible reference for Lemma 1 is Jean-Pierre Serre's wonderful book "Trees", p.20, Corollary to Proposition 10.
Apr 27, 2011 at 15:06 history answered darij grinberg CC BY-SA 3.0