Gröbner bases give a nice way to solve many problems in computer vision and robotics. Often these problems involve solving systems of polynomial equations eg. those describing the projection of a point in 3D on the 2D plane of a camera sensor or those describing how the position of a robot component depends on the details of a sequence of articulated joints. Here's a paper that uses such methods to investigate the minimum amount of information to infer properties of cameras, among other things.