Typing "how many mathematicians" into Wolfram|Alpha, yields the information that there are 3160 mathematicians in the United States. The source listed is the US Bureau of Labor Statistics, and this site in particular (broken link http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos043.htm, Wayback Machine). That site contains such gems about our profession as: "Mathematicians usually work in comfortable offices."
Cool.
Edit: newer link that isn't broken, yet.newer link that isn't broken, yet (Wayback Machine)