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You can construct an immersion $\gamma$ which remains null-homotopic after removing any point $p$ not lying in its image. It suffices to let $\gamma$ travel along a graph in such a way that it runs along every edge the same number of times in each direction. As an example, you can take a train track with one central 4-valent switch and two arcs: it looks like an "8" but the 4-valent vertex is flattened, so that each of the two circles has a cusp:

[![The train track][1]][1]The train track
(source: unipi.it)

You can let a train travel along this train track so that it runs on each of the two arcs twice in opposite directions. [1]: https://i.sstatic.net/uZy0E.png

You can construct an immersion $\gamma$ which remains null-homotopic after removing any point $p$ not lying in its image. It suffices to let $\gamma$ travel along a graph in such a way that it runs along every edge the same number of times in each direction. As an example, you can take a train track with one central 4-valent switch and two arcs: it looks like an "8" but the 4-valent vertex is flattened, so that each of the two circles has a cusp:

[![The train track][1]][1]
(source: unipi.it)

You can let a train travel along this train track so that it runs on each of the two arcs twice in opposite directions. [1]: https://i.sstatic.net/uZy0E.png

You can construct an immersion $\gamma$ which remains null-homotopic after removing any point $p$ not lying in its image. It suffices to let $\gamma$ travel along a graph in such a way that it runs along every edge the same number of times in each direction. As an example, you can take a train track with one central 4-valent switch and two arcs: it looks like an "8" but the 4-valent vertex is flattened, so that each of the two circles has a cusp:

The train track
(source: unipi.it)

You can let a train travel along this train track so that it runs on each of the two arcs twice in opposite directions.

broken image fixed (click 'rendered output' or 'side-by-side' to see the difference; image retrieved via Wayback Machine); for more info, see https://meta.mathoverflow.net/a/4058/70594
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You can construct an immersion $\gamma$ which remains null-homotopic after removing any point $p$ not lying in its image. It suffices to let $\gamma$ travel along a graph in such a way that it runs along every edge the same number of times in each direction. As an example, you can take a train track with one central 4-valent switch and two arcs: it looks like an "8" but the 4-valent vertex is flattened, so that each of the two circles has a cusp:

The train track [![The train track][1]][1]
(source: unipi.it)

You can let a train travel along this train track so that it runs on each of the two arcs twice in opposite directions. [1]: https://i.sstatic.net/uZy0E.png

You can construct an immersion $\gamma$ which remains null-homotopic after removing any point $p$ not lying in its image. It suffices to let $\gamma$ travel along a graph in such a way that it runs along every edge the same number of times in each direction. As an example, you can take a train track with one central 4-valent switch and two arcs: it looks like an "8" but the 4-valent vertex is flattened, so that each of the two circles has a cusp:

The train track

You can let a train travel along this train track so that it runs on each of the two arcs twice in opposite directions.

You can construct an immersion $\gamma$ which remains null-homotopic after removing any point $p$ not lying in its image. It suffices to let $\gamma$ travel along a graph in such a way that it runs along every edge the same number of times in each direction. As an example, you can take a train track with one central 4-valent switch and two arcs: it looks like an "8" but the 4-valent vertex is flattened, so that each of the two circles has a cusp:

[![The train track][1]][1]
(source: unipi.it)

You can let a train travel along this train track so that it runs on each of the two arcs twice in opposite directions. [1]: https://i.sstatic.net/uZy0E.png

replaced http://www.dm.unipi.it/ with https://www.dm.unipi.it/
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You can construct an immersion $\gamma$ which remains null-homotopic after removing any point $p$ not lying in its image. It suffices to let $\gamma$ travel along a graph in such a way that it runs along every edge the same number of times in each direction. As an example, you can take a train track with one central 4-valent switch and two arcs: it looks like an "8" but the 4-valent vertex is flattened, so that each of the two circles has a cusp:

The train track http://www.dm.unipi.it/%7Emartelli/images/train_track.pngThe train track

You can let a train travel along this train track so that it runs on each of the two arcs twice in opposite directions.

You can construct an immersion $\gamma$ which remains null-homotopic after removing any point $p$ not lying in its image. It suffices to let $\gamma$ travel along a graph in such a way that it runs along every edge the same number of times in each direction. As an example, you can take a train track with one central 4-valent switch and two arcs: it looks like an "8" but the 4-valent vertex is flattened, so that each of the two circles has a cusp:

The train track http://www.dm.unipi.it/%7Emartelli/images/train_track.png

You can let a train travel along this train track so that it runs on each of the two arcs twice in opposite directions.

You can construct an immersion $\gamma$ which remains null-homotopic after removing any point $p$ not lying in its image. It suffices to let $\gamma$ travel along a graph in such a way that it runs along every edge the same number of times in each direction. As an example, you can take a train track with one central 4-valent switch and two arcs: it looks like an "8" but the 4-valent vertex is flattened, so that each of the two circles has a cusp:

The train track

You can let a train travel along this train track so that it runs on each of the two arcs twice in opposite directions.

minor correction
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Bruno Martelli
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Source Link
Bruno Martelli
  • 10.5k
  • 2
  • 39
  • 70
Loading