On an elementary level, the intermediate value theorem is surprisingly deep.
On a less elementary level, the prime number theorem is "obvious" from $\sum_{p\leq x}\sim \log\log x$$\sum_{p\leq x}1/p\sim \log\log x$ (that was noticed by Euler) and Dirichlet's theorem on primes in arithmetic progressions is "obvious" if you use the sieve of Erathostenes.